cells Flashcards
What are all living things composed of?
All living things are composed of cells.
Who first observed cells and when?
Cells were first observed by Robert Hook in 1665.
What did Robert Hook look at to observe cells?
He looked at magnified cork, which appeared as tiny boxes resembling a monk’s cell.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane rounds the outside of the cell, controls what enters/exits, and protects the cell.
What is cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that fills the cells where most chemical reactions, such as respiration, occur.
What does the nucleus do?
The nucleus controls the activities of the cell through the use of DNA.
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus, made up of genes (short lengths of DNA), and exist in pairs.
What additional structures do plant cells have?
Plant cells have a cell wall, permanent vacuole, and chloroplasts.
What is the function of the cell wall?
The cell wall, made from cellulose, is on the outside of the membrane and stops the cell from bursting when full of water.
What is the purpose of the permanent vacuole?
The permanent vacuole stores waste, gives color to the cell, and creates pressure against the cell wall to keep it firm.
What do chloroplasts contain and what is their function?
Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll and trap light to make food for the plant through photosynthesis.
What is the first step in using a microscope?
Click the low power lens into position.
What should you do after placing the slide on the stage?
While looking from the side, raise the stage as far as possible by turning the coarse focus.
What is the function of specialised cells?
Specialised cells can change shape and have additional organelles to carry out their specific functions.
How is a sperm cell specialised?
A sperm cell has half the normal number of chromosomes, a tail for swimming, energy-releasing organelles, and an enzyme sack to penetrate the egg.
Label an animal cell
Label a plant cell
