HEALEY Flashcards
What is area-wide IPM?
Area-wide management is an IPM applied against an entire target pest population within a delimited geographical area.
Cite direct and indirect impacts control of area wide IPM.
Direct: Weight loss for livestock, myiasis (screwworm), and nuisance
Indirect: Vectors (cattle fever), reservoirs, and hosts
Difference between elimination and eradication?
Elimination is the complete removal from an area. Eradication is the removal of an organism from existence on the entire planet.
Describe the sterile insect technique.
Used to control entire populations of pests over large geographic areas. Most effective at low pest densities and more sustainable with long-term pest control. Pupae or adult exposed to radiation to induce sterility.
What are the requirements of the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)?
Mass-reared, quality insects, well distributed, and competitive in nature. Must be applied on area wide basis. Requires long-term community and financial support with a strong organization. Must consider biological factor.
What are the advantages of SIT?
BASS
Biological in nature with no harm to environment or biodiversity.
After initial reduction, less insecticide use.
Species-specific. After release, cannot become established in ecosystem.
Sterile insects can be released from the air in difficult-to-access habitats.
Cite important biological factors of the New World Screwworm (NWS).
No diapause and cannot survive winter. Females mate only once. Low density.
What is the area-wide IPM focus?
To reduce and maintain pest populations at an acceptable low density.
Centered on management of pests where existing pest control technologies are most effective when used over a multi-state or multi-regional area.
What are the overall objectives for a sustainable methodology of area-wide IPM for Asian tiger mosquitoes?
CASF
Cost effective
Area-wide
Sustainable
For mosquito control programs.
Management steps for area-wide IPM of Asian tiger mosquitoes. SCUEIP.
Surveillance (adult, larval, and egg) – traps and inspections
Control (adult, larval, and egg) – various alternatives depending on life stage
Understanding the biology -
Education (adult and child) – tire removal program.
Insecticide resistance monitoring
Predictive modeling
Cite important questions to understand about the biology of mosquitoes.
Where is it present? When is it abundant? What is the host preference?
Are populations showing resistance to insecticides? What is the genetically variability in the pop.?
Where does it lay eggs? Where does it host seek? Pre-diapause behavior?
Cite adult mosquito control options and mosquito adulticides.
Options for mosquito control include BATT
Backpack sprayers; Aerial application; Truck mounted equipment, and thermal foggers.
Mosquito adulticides can be organophosphates and pyrethroids.
Discuss the considerations for area-wide control of mosquitoes.
Involves a multi-strategy approach.
Source reduction and education cannot alone reduce mosquitoes, and must involve both larvaciding and adulticiding techniques.
Modeling can further help to determine where to utilize resources.
