BLAKE

Question 1

Define cultural control?

Answer 1

Any change in crop production or livestock practices which reduces pest populations or damage.

Question 2

How is cultural control done?

Answer 2

Manipulation of environment to create conditions unfavorable to pests.

Question 3

Whats is cultural control?

CHEEEEPS

Answer 3

Compatible with other pest management approaches
Habitat management
Environmental control
Ecological management 
Ecological engineering
Ecology-based
Preventative/avoidance
Sustained/acumulative

Question 4

Cultural control is NOT?

CCHP

Answer 4

Chemical control
Classical or augmentative biological control
Host resistance
Physical control

Question 5

Implications of planting date as cultural control?

OMAE

Answer 5

Often relies on overwintering biology
Must be optimized with crop production system
Avoidance of peak populations
Exploits “phonological asynchrony”

Question 6

How was cultural control used in the case study of hessian flies?

Answer 6

Delaying planting until after most adults have emerged and died was a cultural control tactic.

Question 7

Benefits of early planting for rice stem borers?

Answer 7

Exposes the plant from tillering stage through heading as low as possible.

Question 8

For what kind of pests is crop rotation effective to be used?

Answer 8

Crop rotation is effective for univoltine pests or pests with multi-year life cycles.

Question 9

How can crop rotation be used as a cultural control for corn root worm?

Answer 9

CRW only lay eggs on corn fields so larvae can feed on corn roots. By rotating corn with soybeans, CRW larvae will not be able to develop on soybeans, which is an effective cultural control strategy for pest management.

Question 10

What is sanitation and how can it be used as cultural control?

Answer 10

Sanitation is the destruction of pest reservoirs. Sanitation consists of the removal of overwintering habitat, elimination of alternative hosts, and removal of infested plants.

Question 11

How can sanitation be used for boll weevil eradication?

Answer 11

Spring feeding on cotton is required for female reproduction. Destruction of cotton residues prevents overwintering, which helps boll weevil eradication in combination with other pest management strategies.

Question 12

How can sanitation be used for wheat stem sawfly control?

Answer 12

WSS overwinters as larvae near ground in wheat stubble. Destruction of wheat stubble significantly reduces spring populations.

Question 13

When is the removal of infested material done?

Answer 13

Used when infested plants serve as pest sources within field/season. Plant often cannot recover. Prevalent in plant disease management.

Question 14

How can the use of infested material control the pine bark beetle?

Answer 14

Females release aggregation pheromones. Males release pheromones which encourage attack of adjacent trees. Control by cutting and removing all infested as well as nearby healthy trees.

Question 15

How can secondary plants be used as cultural control?

Answer 15

Secondary plants function as ABRI
Attractants (trap crops – BT corn on sugar cane field example)
Barriers
Repellents, and
Insectary plants (promote natural enemies)

Question 16

Discuss the case study of diamond back moth in relation to a secondary plant being used as cultural control.

Answer 16

Trap crop (yellow rocket) is more attractive for oviposition than the main crop (cabbage), resulting in less infestation on cabbage.

Question 17

How can insectary plants be used as a secondary plants in cultural control?

Answer 17

These plants attract of benefit predators/parasitoids. As an example, aphid susceptible plants support lady beetles, which is a predator.

Question 18

What are the challenges of cultural control?

ICLE

Answer 18

Interactions with other pests (weeds and pathogens)
Compatibility with other crops production practices (yield is first priority, many practices are inflexible).
Labor intensive (low adoption)
Economic costs/benefits are difficult to measure