Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Z YEAR 2 BRS NEURO > Headache Part 2 > Flashcards

Headache Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of migraine disorder?

A
  • Tendency to repeated attacks
  • Triggers
  • easily hung-over
  • visual vertigo
  • motion sickness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is prodrome migraine phase?

A
  1. Changes in mood
  2. urination
  3. fluid retention
  4. food craving
  5. yawning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is aura migraine phase?

A
  1. Visual
  2. Sensory (numbness/paraesthesia)
  3. weakness
  4. speech arrest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the headache migraine phase?

A
  1. Head and body pain
  2. nausea
  3. photophobia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the resolution migraine phase?

A

rest and sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the recovery migraine phase?

A
  1. mood disturbed
  2. food intolerance
  3. feeling hungover
    48 hour or so
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the treatments for an acute attack of migraine?

A
  1. Aspirin/ibuprofen (Non-steroidals)
    - paracetamol
    - metoclopramide (anti-emetic) - gastric perisis in migraine so difficulty with nausea, stimulates peristalsis
    - Soluble preparations to aid absorption
  2. Triptans-tablets, melts, nasal sprays, s/c injections (vasoconstrictors) (treat only headache not the auras). Synergise with NSAIDS (take together)
  3. A short nap
  4. TMS-interrupts complex networks that trigger and perpetuate migraine, which is caused by spreading electrical depression across the cerebral cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do you have to be caution with migraine treatment?

A

Opiates-caution! Analgesic abuse potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are lifestyle issues with people with migraine?

A
  1. Migraineurs have sensitive heads even in between attacks
  2. Over-react to any sort of stimulation
  3. Can’t ignore the world around them, it overstimulates their brains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the triggers with migraine?

A
  1. dietary, environmental, hormonal, weather, dehydration, stress
  2. Drink 2 litres water/day
  3. Avoid caffeinated drinks
  4. Don’t skip meals
    - Fresh food
    - Avoid ready meals and take-aways
  5. Don’t oversleep or have late nights
    - Electronics downstairs
  6. Analgesic abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some over the counter prophylaxis options for migraines? For chronic migraines (more than 14 a month)?

A
  • feverfew
  • coenzyme Q10
  • riboflavin
  • magnesium
  • EPO
  • nicotinamide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some other prophylaxis option for migraines?

A
  1. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): amitriptyline 7pm
  2. Beta-blockers - Propranolol, Atenolol (but can drop BP and pulse and lots of people can’t take BB)
  3. Serotonin antagonists: pizotifen (can use on children) very effective, methysergide
  4. Calcium channel blockers: flunarazine, verapamil
  5. Anticonvulsants: valproate, topiramate, gabapentin (can’t get preggers as dangerous with)
    - Lots of different problems for reasons why migraine hence so many different drugs that may or may not work for you
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is erenumab?

A

Injectable drug erenumab (Aimovig) monthly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is erenumab effective?

A

cut number of days people had migraines from an average of 8 a month to between 4 and 5 a month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are monoclonal antibody erenumab used in treatment of migraines?

A
  • disables calcitonin gene-related peptide or its receptor (CGRP mAbs)
  • Used for episodic migraine, chronic migraine, or cluster headache.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the symptoms of tension type of headache?

A

Tight muscles around head and neck bilaterally, as though head is in a vice

17
Q

What is the treatment for tension type of headache?

A
  1. NSAID’s preferred:
    -Ibuprofen Naproxen, Diclofenac
  2. Paracetamol
  3. Tricyclic antidepressants:-
    •Amitriptyline 50-75mg daily
    •30-60% derive some symptomatic relief
    -Biofeedback and relaxation unproven
18
Q

What is less effective for tension type of headache?

A

-SSRIs

19
Q

What is a cluster headache?

A

Severe unilateral pain lasting 15-180 minutes untreated

20
Q

What is a cluster headache classified as?

A

a trigeminal autonomic cephalgia

21
Q

What is there at least one of ipsilaterally in a cluster headache?

A
  1. Conjunctival redness and/or lacrimation
  2. Nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhoea
  3. Eyelid oedema
22
Q

What are other symptoms of cluster headaches?

A
  1. Forehead and facial sweating
  2. Miosis and/or ptosis
  3. A sense of restlessness or agitation
  4. Frequency between one on alternate days to 8 per day.
  5. Not associated with a brain lesion on MRI
23
Q

What is the acute treatment of a cluster headache? What does oxygen do?

A
  1. Inhaled oxygen.
    - Oxygen inhibits neuronal activation in the trigeminocervical complex
  2. Subcutaneous injection or Nasal Sumatriptan
24
Q

What preventative medicine can you take for cluster headache?

A
  1. Verapamil
  2. Prednisolone
  3. Lithium
  4. Valproate
  5. Gabapentin
  6. Topiramate
  7. Pizotifen
    (Short course of steroids)
25
Q

What is the difference between a migraine and cluster headache with distribution?

A

Migraine: 33% men, 67% women
Cluster: 90% men, 10% women

26
Q

What is the difference between a migraine and cluster headache with duration?

A

Migraine: 3-12 hours
Cluster: 45min – 3 hours

27
Q

What is the difference between a migraine and cluster headache with frequency?

A

Migraine: 1-8 attacks monthly
Cluster: 1-3 attacks daily (often at night)

28
Q

What is the difference between a migraine and cluster headache with remission?

A

Migraine: Long remissions unusual
Cluster: Long remissions common

29
Q

What is the difference between a migraine and cluster headache with nausea?

A

Migraine: Nausea & vomiting frequent
Cluster: Nausea rare

30
Q

What is the difference between a migraine and cluster headache with pain?

A

Migraine: Pulsating hemicranial pain
Cluster: Steady, exceptionally severe, well localised pain, unilateral in each cluster

31
Q

What is the difference between a migraine and cluster headache with symptoms?

A

Migraine: Visual or sensory auras seen
Cluster: Eye waters, nose blocked, ptosis etc

32
Q

What is the difference between a migraine and cluster headache with activity?

A

Migraine:Patient lie in the dark
Cluster: Patients pace about

33
Q

What are the three attack forms of migraine?

A
  1. Pain
  2. Pain and focal symptoms
  3. Focal symptoms
34
Q

What type of symptoms can people have in aura migraine?

A
  • Positive (fishes and zig zags) and negative (blackness) symptoms: scintillation and blindest
  • Expanding C’s and elemental visual disturbance (bigger and enlargement of migraine aura images) and moves to peripheral of division then disappears
35
Q

What is a migraine caused by?

A

spreading electrical depression across cerebral cortex, and as across visual cortex see an expansion of image

36
Q

What prophylaxis injections can you have for migraine?

A
  1. Greater occipital nerve blocks
  2. Botox: crown of thorns
  3. Suppress ovulation (progesterone only pill or implant/injection)

Z YEAR 2 BRS NEURO (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions