Headache (Cephalgia)

Question 1

What are the 3 types of Primary Headaches and what is their cause?

Answer 1

Migraine
Tension
Cluster

NO KNOWN ORGANIC CAUSE

Question 2

What are the 2 types of Secondary Headaches & what are their cause?

Answer 2

Brain Tumor
Aneurysm

A SYMPTOM WITH AN ORGANIC CAUSE

Question 3

What is included in the Assessment of a Headache?

Answer 3

Description of headache
Medication h/x & use of (anti-hypertensives & MAOIs)
Change in s/s over time
Persistent headache requires further investigation
Headache evaluation requires history & physical w/ neuro exam to r/o physical & psychological causes
If abnormalities are on neuro exam, diagnostic tests can evaluate underlying cause

Question 4

What are the 2 classifications of the medical management for headaches?

Answer 4

Abortive or Preventative

Question 5

What are ‘Triptans’ & what do they do?

Answer 5

Abortive Medications for treatment of migraines & cluster headaches

1st Line Treatment
Vasoconstriction
Reduce Inflammation
Reduce Pain Transmission

Question 6

What ways can a nurse manage a patient with headache pain?

Answer 6

Give individualized care & treatment
Give Prophylactic meds for recurrent migraines
Give abortive medication ASAP for cluster headaches & migraines
Give medication as prescribed
Provide Comfort (e.g. quiet dark room, massage, local heat for tension)

Question 7

What education would you give to a patient for managing headaches?

Answer 7

Identify triggers & develop a preventative strategy w/ lifestyle changes
Instructions for medication & treatment regimen (take when s/s develop)
Stress reduction techniques
Nonpharmacologic therapies
Follow-up care
Encourage healthy lifestyle & health promotion activities