Head Start

Question 1

Phonetics and phonology

Answer 1

Sounds in language eg: alliteration

Question 2

Morphology and lexicology

Answer 2

Words in language eg: affixation

Question 3

Syntax

Answer 3

Sentence and clauses eg: sentence types and structures

Question 4

Semantics

Answer 4

Meaning in language eg: personification

Question 5

Discourse

Answer 5

The whole text eg: register

Question 6

Plosive/stop

Answer 6

Air is blown straight out eg: /p/ /t/ /d/ /k/

Question 7

Fricative

Answer 7

Makes a buzzing feeling on lips eg: /f/ /v/ /z/

Question 8

Affricate

Answer 8

Two sounds combined eg: ch (sound) or dge (sound)

Question 9

Nasal

Answer 9

Sound comes out of nose eg: /n/ /m/ ng (sound)

Question 10

Lateral

Answer 10

Sound goes around tongue eg: l

Question 11

Approximant

Answer 11

Other sounds eg: /w/ /r/ /j/

Question 12

Sentence types

Answer 12

Declarative, interrogative, exclamative, imperative

Question 13

Sentence structures

Answer 13

Complex ( no fanboys), compound (fanboys), simple, compound-complex (1/2 fanboys)

Question 14

Prosodic features

Answer 14

Pitch
Stress
Intonation
Volume
Tempo

Question 15

Morphology

Answer 15

The study of (internal) structure or forms of words

Question 16

Lexicology

Answer 16

The study of words, word etymologies and word classes

Question 17

Morpheme

Answer 17

Smallest unit of meaning

Question 18

Lexeme

Answer 18

A word unit

Question 19

Free morpheme

Answer 19

Units of meaning which can stand alone as a word

Question 20

Affixes ( bound morphemes )

Answer 20

Cannot occur on their own, need to be added to a root morpheme

Question 21

Prefix

Answer 21

Precedes a root morpheme

Question 22

Suffix

Answer 22

Follows a root morpheme

Question 23

Inflectional morphemes

Answer 23

Indicate tense/ number/ relationship

Question 24

Derivational morpheme

Answer 24

Indicate word class/ meaning

Question 25

Word formation processes

Answer 25

Initialism, acronym, compounding, shortening, backformation, blends

Question 26

Initialism

Answer 26

Words formed from the initials of other words ( spoken as letters )

Question 27

Acronym

Answer 27

Words formed from the initials of other words that can be said as a word
Eg YOLO

Question 28

Compounding

Answer 28

Two for more free morphemes are combined in their entirety

Eg breakfast

Question 29

Shortening

Answer 29

Parts are omitted, usually from the end 
Eg sec (ond)

Question 30

Backformation

Answer 30

When new words are formed by subtracting an affix that is thought to be part of an older version
Eg burgle from burglar

Question 31

Blend

Answer 31

Words formed by joining more than one lexeme ( both have been shortened )
Eg blog -> web log

Question 32

Open word classes

Answer 32

Context words

• noun
• adjective
• verb
• adverb
• interjection

Question 33

Closed class words

Answer 33

Function words

• preposition
• conjunction
• pronoun
• auxiliary verb
• modal verb
• determiner

Question 34

Types of pronouns

Answer 34

Personal, relative, interrogative, demonstrative, possessive,indefinite, reflexive

Question 35

Types of determiners

Answer 35

Articles, numbers, demonstrative, indefinite, quantity, possessive

Question 36

Types of Auxiliary verbs

Answer 36

To do
To be
To have

Question 37

Types of modal verbs

Answer 37

May/ might
Must
Can/ could
Shall/should 
Will/would

Question 38

Four aspects

Answer 38

Simple - Lexical
Progressive (continuous) - auxiliary + Lexical (ing)
Perfect - to have
Perfect progressive - to have + ing

Question 39

Tenses

Answer 39

Past
Present
Future

Question 40

Noun phrase

Answer 40

Behave like a noun

Question 41

Verb phrase

Answer 41

Behave like verbs

Question 42

Prepositional phrase

Answer 42

Start with a preposition (adverbial or adjectival)

Question 43

Independent clause

Answer 43

Can stand alone as a complete clause

Question 44

Dependent clause

Answer 44

Cannot stand alone

Question 45

Ellipsis

Answer 45

Grammatical elements of a sentence have been omitted