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Paediatrics > Head Sizes and Shapes > Flashcards

Head Sizes and Shapes Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of head size problems?

A
  • Macrocephaly
    • Too large
  • Microcephaly
    • Too small
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2
Q

What are the medical terms for:

  • too large head
  • too small head
A
  • Macrocephaly
    • Too large
  • Microcephaly
    • Too small
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3
Q

What can head shape indicate?

A

Head shape can also be benign or indicate underlying problems

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4
Q

What is:

  • A
  • B
  • C
A

A - frontal bones

B - anterior fontanelle

C - posterior fontanelle

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5
Q

What is:

  • D
  • E
  • F
A

D - occipital bone

E - lambdoid suture

F - parietal bones

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6
Q

What is:

  • G
  • H
A

G - coronal sutures

H - metopic suture

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7
Q

What is the order of how the fontanelles close?

A
  1. At birth, bones of skull are not fused together
  2. Posterior fontanelle closes 2-3 months after birth
  3. Anterior fontanelle closes between 1-3 years of age
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8
Q

How is head size measures?

A
  • Occipitofrontal circumference
    • Routine between birth and 3 years
    • Plotted on head size chart
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9
Q

What is microcephaly?

A

Is a head size 2SD below the mean

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10
Q

What does microcephaly usually indicate?

A

Usually indicates small brain:

  • Microanencephaly
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11
Q

What is the medical termf for small brain?

A
  • Microanencephaly
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12
Q

What are important things to consider about microcephaly for diagnosis?

A
  • Prenatal or post natal onset
    • Is it crossing centiles downwards
  • Timing of onset may be clue
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13
Q

Microcephaly - aetiology

A
  • Antenatal
  • Postnatal
  • Genetic
  • Environment
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14
Q

What is macrocephaly?

A

A head size 2SD above the mean

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15
Q

What are other physical abnormalities associated with macrocephaly?

A
  • Facial features
  • Hepatosplenomegaly
  • Bony deformities
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16
Q

Macrocephaly - aetiology

A
  • Familial
  • Hydrocephalus
  • Large brain
17
Q

What are important questions to diagnosis problem causing head shape problems?

A
  • Timing of onset
  • Getting better or worse
18
Q

What are some common head shape problems?

A
  • Plagiocephaly
    • “Flat head’
  • Brachycephaly
    • “Short head or flat at back”
  • Scaphocephaly
    • “Boat shaped skull”
  • Craniosynostosis
    • Sutures fused too early
19
Q

What investigations are done for head shape problems?

A

CT scan

X-ray

20
Q

What is:

  • plagiocephaly
  • brachycephaly
  • scaphocephaly
  • craniosynostosis
A
  • Plagiocephaly
    • “Flat head”
  • Brachycephaly
    • “Short head or flat at back”
  • Scaphocephaly
    • “Boat shaped skull”
  • Craniosynostosis
    • Sutures fused too early

Paediatrics (62 decks)

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