head resps

Question 1

Franklin, vet surg 2021
Nebulisation of epinephrine to reduce the severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in dogs

-what side effect was noted with nebulization of adrenaline?
-which dogs improved?

Answer 1

-nausea
-pugs pre op, dogs with BOAS index >70% pre op, dogs post-surgery

Question 2

Fenner, vet surg 2020
Postoperative regurgitation in dogs after upper airway surgery to treat brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: 258 cases (2013-2017)

-what were risk factors for post-op regurgitation?

Answer 2

-young age, hx of regurgitation.

Question 3

Camarasa, JSAP 2023
Owner-assisted recovery and early discharge after surgical treatment in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome

-what was the main finding?

Answer 3

risk of complications reduced (2%) if recovered with owners compared to 28% if recovered as standard.

Question 4

Vangrinsven vet surg 2021
Diagnosis and treatment of gastro- oesophageal junction abnormalities in dogs with brachycephalic syndrome

-what procedure was done to elicit dynamic gastro-oesophageal abnormalities?

Answer 4

occlusion of the endotracheal tube

Question 5

Stordalen, JSAP 2020
Outcome of temporary tracheostomy tube-placement following surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in 42 dogs

-major compliation rate?
-overall complication ate?
-most common complication?
-% classified as successful in?

Answer 5

-83% major complications
-95% overall complications
-tube obstruction
-97% successful

Question 6

Carabalona, JAVMA 2022
Complications, prognostic factors, and long-term outcomes for dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome that underwent H-pharyngoplasty and ala-vestibuloplasty: 423 cases (2011-2017)

-overall mortality rate?
-rate of revision surgery?
-improvement in respiratory signs?
-improvement in GI signs?
-factor linked with mortality?

Answer 6

-2.6%
-0%
-72% improved resps
-34% improved GI
-rate of death increased for every year of age by 30%

Question 7

Jones, vet surg 2020
The impact of tongue dimension on air volume in brachycephalic dogs
-how many times denser was the brachycephalic tongue?
-proportion of air in brachycephalic pharynx decreased by what %?

Answer 7

10x denser
60%

Question 8

Doyle, JAVMA 2020
Anaesthetic risk during subsequent anaesthetic events in brachycephalic dogs that have undergone corrective airway surgery: 45 cases (2007-2019)

-what effect did having previous airway surgery have on GA?
-what factors increased the risk of having an anaesthetic complication?

Answer 8

-79% decreased risk if prior airway surgery
-intra-op bradycardia (x4.56 risk), longer GA

Question 9

Drudi, vet surg 2022
Comparison of immediate and short-term outcomes of cricoarytenoid and thyroarytenoid lateralization in dogs with idiopathic laryngeal paralysis

• what was the % increase in rima glottidis with cricoarytenoid lateralization?
  -what was % increase in rima glottidis with thyroarytenoid lateralisation?

Answer 9

-205% (dropped to 199% at second time point - no difference)
-155% (dropped to 127% at second time point - sig difference)

the reduction in the TAL group was not associated with clinical signs. clinical signs similar improvement in both groups.

Question 10

McNamara, vet surg 2022
Description and evaluation of a novel transoral endoscopic arytenopexy in canine cadavers

-what structures were sutured to what?

Answer 10

Lateral aspect of left arytenoid sutured to adjacent pharyngeal wall.

Question 11

Sakai, vet surg 2021
Influence of doxapram and intermittent 10% carbon dioxide inspiration on cardiovascular and laryngeal functions in anaesthetised dogs

-what were the side effects of doxapram?

Answer 11

-tachycardia, hypertension

Question 12

Vincenti, vet surg 2021
Total laryngectomy in a cat with a laryngeal peripheral nerve sheath tumor

-what complication was encountered?

Answer 12

obstructive granulation tissue

Question 13

DeGroot, vet surg 2020
Examination of laryngeal function of healthy dogs by using sedation protocols with dexmedetomidine

-which drug resulted in a false positive result?

Answer 13

propofol

Question 14

Mullins, vet surg 2019
Intraoperative and major postoperative complications and survival of dogs undergoing surgical management of epiglottic retroversion: 50 dogs (2003-2017)

-major complication rate?
-most common major complication associated with epiglottopexy?

Answer 14

49%
recurrence

Question 15

Moser, JFMS 2022
Partial laryngectomy for the management of laryngeal masses in six cats

-what muscle flap was used in closure?
-what was the most common complication?

Answer 15

-sternohyoideus
-dyspnoea (4) and trach tube placement in 2

Question 16

Bonanno, JFMS 2023
Evaluation of two unilateral laryngoplasty techniques and their effect on arytenoid cartilage abduction in cats

-what was the percentage increase in abduction for cricoarytenoid suture with disarticulation?
-without disarticulation?

Answer 16

• with 315%
  -without 199%
  significant difference, cadaver study

Question 17

Ciepluch, vet surg 2023
Sternohyoideus-sternothyroideus muscle flap to reconstruct oronasal fistulas due to maxillary cancer in four dogs

-how far rostral did the flap reach?
-main complication

Answer 17

-first premolar
-all dogs had partial flap dehiscence

Question 18

Saver, JAVMA 2021
Transpalatal reconstruction and stenting for treatment of choanal atresia and nasopharyngeal stenosis in a dog

-what surgical approach?
-what type of stent?

Answer 18

ventral rhinotomy
covered stent

Question 19

Gilman, JSAP 2023
A comparison of harmonic and traditional sharp staphylectomy techniques in 15 brachycephalic dogs

-what extent of thermal necrosis was noted for staphylectomy with the harmonic device?
-what was the effect of the harmonic?

Answer 19

0.68mm
faster surgery, less haemorrhage

Question 20

Holloway, JSAP 2022
Split staphylectomy to address soft palate thickness in brachycephalic dogs: 75 cases (2016-2018)

complication rate?
what instrument used for staphylectomy procedure?

Answer 20

8%, none related to staphylectomy
CO2 laser

Question 21

Pavletic, JAVMA 2023
Surgical closure of cleft palate defects in dogs using a modification of the traditional von Langenbeck technique: 12 cases (2015–2022)

-what modifications were made to the technique?

Answer 21

-vertical mattress sutures, evert flap margins, allow direct apposition of collagen surfaces for healing. also places sutures in rugal folds. fine interrupted sutures between the mattress sutures.

Question 22

Franklin, vet surg 2024
Comparison of the effectiveness of three different rhinoplasty techniques to correct stenotic nostrils using silicone models: A case study

which technique led to the greatest increase in cross sectional areA?

Answer 22

alavestibuloplasty, 74% increase (compared to 26% for vertical wedge, 16% horizontal)

Question 23

Jones, vet surg 2024
Comparison of mortality of brachycephalic dogs undergoing partial staphylectomy using conventional incisional, carbon dioxide laser, or bipolar vessel sealing device

-which technique associated with perioperative mortality?

Answer 23

-BVSD usage
-higher stage laryngeal collapse

Question 24

Ferrer-Jorda, JFMS 2024
Description of outcome and adverse events in 21 cats with locally advanced nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma treated with electrochemotherapy

-what was the overall response rate?
-median disease freee survival for complete response?
-overall survival?
-percentage of toxicities in short term?
-what factor was associated with longer survival

Answer 24

-100% overall response
-182 days disease free for complete response
-453 days overall survival
-62% grade 3/4 toxicities
-voltage

Question 25

Kilduff Taylor, JSAP 2023
Endoscopic treatment of acute oropharyngeal stick injuries in dogs: 46 cases (2010-2020)

-what scope used
-what % cases had excellent outcome?

Answer 25

-0° and 30° forward-oblique, 2.7 mm diameter, 18 cm length rigid endoscopes
-95% excellent outcome, 5% had recurrence (abscesses)

Question 26

Filipas, JSAP 2024
A retrospective observational cohort study on the postoperative respiratory complications and their risk factors in brachycephalic dogs undergoing BOAS surgery: 199 cases (2019- 2021)

-what were risk factors for trachoestomy?

Answer 26

pre- and post-op aspiration pneumonia, increasing BOAS grade