Head: Respiratory System & Associated Structures

Question 1

What is the general group of muscles that aid in swallowing?

Answer 1

pharyngeal constrictor mm.

Question 2

List the pharyngeal constrictor mm. from cranial to caudal.

Answer 2

hyopharyngeal m.
thyropharyngeal m.
cricopharyngeal m.

Question 3

List 1-3

Answer 3

1. hyopharyngeal m.
2. thyropharyngeal m.
3. cricopharyngeal m.

Question 4

What is this?

Answer 4

intrapharyngeal ostium

Question 5

Define the pharynx.

Answer 5

the major intersection between respiratory and digestive systems

Question 6

Label 1-5

Answer 6

1. duct of lateral nasal gland
2. dorsal nasal concha
3. ventral nasal concha
4. alar fold
5. nasolacrimal duct

Question 7

Label 1-10

Answer 7

1. frontal sinus
2. ethmoidal conchae
3. dorsal nasal conchae
4. dorsal meatus
5. middle meatus
6. alar fold
7. ventral nasal conchae
8. ventral meatus
9. vomer
10. cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Question 8

Label 1-6

Answer 8

1. dorsal meatus
2. dorsal nasal conchae
3. middle meatus
4. ventral nasal conchae
5. ventral meatus
6. vomeronasal organ

Question 9

What is the only bone that’s a singlet in the skull?

Answer 9

vomeronasal organ

Question 10

In the flehman response, pheromones go through ______ to get to the vomeronasal organ

Answer 10

incisive papilla

Question 11

What are paranasal sinuses?

Answer 11

membrane-lined, air-filled, diverticula of the nasal cavity which extend into the adjacent pneumatic bones

Question 12

Which muscles pulls the hyoid apparatus caudally?

Answer 12

sternohyoideus m.
sternothyroideus m.
thyrohyoideus m.

Question 13

What is the most ventral hyoid muscle? What is its action?

Answer 13

mylohyoideus m.
forms a sling/supports the tongue

Question 14

What is the action of the geniohyoideus m.?

Answer 14

pulls the hyoid apparatus rostrally

Question 15

What is the red dot pointing to?

Answer 15

basihyoid

Question 16

What are the divisions of the larynx?

Answer 16

aryepiglottic fold
laryngeal ventricle
glottis
glottic cleft
infraglottic cavity

Question 17

Where does the aryepiglottic fold extend?

Answer 17

extends between cuneiform process of arytenoid cartilage and epiglottis

Question 18

What is the laryngeal ventricle?

Answer 18

lateral diverticulum of mucosa between vestibular fold (rostral) and vocal fold (caudal)

Question 19

What part of the larynx is absent in the cat?

Answer 19

laryngeal ventricle

Question 20

What does the glottis include?

Answer 20

vocal process of arytenoid cartilage and vocal fold

Question 21

What is the glottic cleft/rima glottis?

Answer 21

the narrow passageway through the glottis

Question 22

Where does the infraglottic cavity extend? Within what?

Answer 22

from glottic cleft to trachea
within cricoid cartilage

Question 23

Label 1-6

Answer 23

1. epiglottis / epiglottis cartilage
2. cuneiform process
3. corniculate process
4. cricoid cartilage
5. laryngeal ventricle
6. thyroid cartilage

Question 24

What is the action of the cricothyroid muscle? What innervates it?

Answer 24

tense the vocal fold
cranial laryngeal nerve

Question 25

What is the only muscle to open the glottis? What innervates it?

Answer 25

cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle
caudal laryngeal nerve

Question 26

What muscles close the glottis? What are they innervated by?

Answer 26

cricoarytenoideus lateralis m.
arytenoideus transversus m.
thyroartenoideus m. (vocalis m. + ventricularis m.)
caudal laryngeal nerve

Question 27

Which side (left or right) is normal? Which side is characteristic of brachycephalic breeds?

Answer 27

left - normal
right - brachycephalic breeds