Head , Neck & Parasiology Flashcards
Bones of skull
Sphenoid bone Parts 1. 2. 3. Fossas in sphenoid bone 1. 2. 3.
Entamoeba histolytica :-
Cyst can survive :-
No of cyst to cause disease :-
It can cause :-
Causes of travellers diarrohea 1. 2. 3. 4. 2nd most common parasite to cause death is :- 1st is :-
144
ACF has 1.foramen caecum :- Cribriform plate of ethmoid is pierced by :- 2. Anterior ethmoidal foramen :- 3. Posterior ethmoid foramen :-
144
In LW of sphenoid :- Has :- From which passes:- 1. 2.
144
In GA of sphenoid :-
1.
2.
3.
145
Structures passing through
Foramen Rotundum
1.
145
Structures passing through foramen ovale :- Mnemonic is :- M A L E
145
Structures passing through foramen spinosum
M
E
N
145
In middle cranial fossa has foramen :-
In petrous bone has foramen :-
Behind petrous bone foramen
1.
2.
145
Image
Internal carotid artery pass through :-
Superior part of foramen lacerumnis transverse by :-
Lower part is closed by :-
146
Grater petrosal nerve is branch of:-
Carries :-
Deep petrosal nerve is branch of :-
Forms
Carries :-
From :-
146
Greater petrosal nerve + deep petrosal nerve aka :-
Pass through :-
Present in floor of sphenoid
Ends in :-
146
Internal auditory meatus :- Petrous part of temporal bone has 1. 2. 3. Structures passing through IAM :- 1. 2. 3.
147
Labyrinthine artery Aries from :-
147
There are 3 components of jugular foramen Structures passing through 1. Anterior compartment:- 2. Intermediated compartment:- 3. Posterior compartment:-
147
VERNET syndrome :-
Through hypoglossal canal :-
147
Foramen Magnum ( image ) Has 2 compartment Structures passing through anterior compartment 1. 2. 3. Structures passing through posterior compartment 1. 2. 3. 4.
148
Inferior view of skull
A. :-
B :-
149
Mandible
Image :-
Mandibular foramen
Structures passing :-
Myelohyoid groove transmit
Through mental foramen :-
Mental nerve is continuation of :-
149
Muscles of mastication :-
- 2.
- 4.
150
Attachment of muscles of masticaction :- 1. 2. 3. 4.
150
Scalp S C A L P
Tissue expander is placed in between in scalp :-
In body :-
152
Face :-
Facial muscles are derivative of :-
Other subcutaneous muscles :-
Motor supply of facial nerve :-
152
Sensory supply of facial muscles
By ophthalmic nerve :- 1. 2. 3. Maxillary nerve :- 1. 2. 3. Mandibular nerve 1. 2. 3. 4. Greater Auricular nerve Branch of :- Sensory supply to :-
Lesser occipital nerve :-
Auricular branch of vagus to :-
152
Venous drainage of face :-
Read :-
153
Dangerous area of scalp :-
Between :-
This area is drained by :-
Infection in this area :-
154
Triangle of neck :-
Triangle 1 :- Triangle 2 :- Triangle 3 :- Triangle 4 :- Triangle 5 :- Triangle 6 :-
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Posterior triangle :- Floor formed by :- Below fascia muscle :- 1. 2. 3. 4. Roof of triangle :- Fascia :- Vein :- Cutaneous branches :- 1. 2. 3. 4.
156
Posterior triangle is divided by ,,,,,,,,,,, Into 1. 2. Occipital triangle and content Most cutaneous structure in occipital triangle :- Supplies :- Other content of occipital triangle are :- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
157
Supracoavicular / subclavian triangle content :- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5, 6. 7. 8.
158
Anterior triangle content :- 1. Submental triangle :- 2. Muscular triangle :- 3. Diagastric triangle :- a. b. c. d. e. Myelohyoid nerve is branch of :- Inferior alveolar nerve is branch of :- Supplies :- f
Hypoglossal nerve is present in both :-
Image :-
158
Anterior triangle is divided by ,,,,,,,,,into
1.
2.
158
Carotid triangle boundaries imagine :- Above and front :- Below and front :- Behind :- Content of carotid triangle 1. 2. 3. In upper part of triangle:-
In anterior wall of carotid sheath :-
Behind the carotid sheath :-
159
Read carotid triangle content :-
Carotid body :-
Carotid sinus :- baroreceptor
Tumor in carotid body :-
Leads to splaying of:-
Gives an apperance of :-
Lyre sign image
Seen in :-
160
External carotid artery has ,,,,,,,no of branches
161
Branches of external carotid artery :-
1. 1 st branch of ECA :-
2.
3
4.
5.
- Terminal branch of ECA at neck of :-
Not in carotid triangle :-
161
Arteries in carotid triangle 1. 2. 3. 5 branches of ECA :- a. b. c. d. c
Facial artery and occipital artery are branch of ECA
161
Floor muscles of diagstric triangle :-
1.
2.
3.
162
Floor muscle of carotid triangle :-
1.
2.
162
Middle constrictor and hyoglossus muscle forms floor of both :-
162
Suboccipital triangle :- 1. Above and medially :- 2. Above and laterally :- 3. Below and laterally :- Content :- 1. 2. Floor :- 1. 2.
163
Suprahyoid muscles are :- and there nerve supply ( from triangle of neck imagine ) 1. 2. 3. 4.
164
Infrahyoid muscles
- 6.
164
Nerves in the neck :-
Cervical plexus is formed :- Gives :- Cutaneous branches of cervical plexus are :- 1. 2. 3. 4. These forms the :-
Skin over angle of mandible :-
Entire face :-
Motor branches of cervical plexus are
1.
2.
165.
Ana cervicalis :-
Root value Is :-
C1 fibers combines with :- 2 motor branches 1. 2. Image :- Superior root of anca :-
165
C2, C3
Descending cervicalis :-
Inferior root of Anna :-
Anna cervicalis ;-
Formed by ,,,,,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,,,,,
Supplies :-
Infrahyoid muscles aka :-
166
In Hypoglossal nerve injury Paralysis of 1. 2. 3.
166
Phrenic nerve :- Root value :- Majority Dermatome :- Referred pain :- It is mixed nerve Motor :- Sensory :- Relationship :- 1. Anterior to :- 2. Between :- 3. In thorax :-
Vagus nerve in thorax :-
Right phrenic nerve is shorter in length :-
Reason :-
166
Image :- Very important Medial to lateral 1. 2. 3. 4.
166
Deep cervical fascia :- 1. ,,,,,,aka ,,,,,,,, 2 a. b. 3. a. b.
167
Superficial layer or investing layer of DCF 1. Forms roof of :- 2. Capsule of a. b. 3. Encloses 2 spaces a. b.
168
Supraclavicular space content 1. 2. Suprasternal space content 1. 2. 3.
168
Deep cervical facia:- middle layer :- 1. Muscular layer encloses :- Encloses :- 2. Visceral layer forms a. b. Buccopharyngeal fascia covers :- Pretracheal fascia splits and encloses :- Thicker to form :-
169
Berry’s ligament attaches :-
Therefore :-
MC site of damage of RLN is over :-
169
Deep cervical facia :- deep layer Divides Ventrally :- Dorsally :- - encloses the :- - forms floor of :-
Extension of prevertibral fascia for :-
Axillary sheeth formed by :-
Encloses :-
Axiallary veins remains :-
170
Carotid sheeth formed by :-
Content :-
Anterior wall :-
Posterior:-
Image :-
170
Muscles of Mastication :- nerve supply and action 1. 2. 3. 4.
172
Temporalis
Origin :-
Insertion :-
Action :-
172
Masseter
Origin :-
Insertion :-
Action :-
172
Lateral pterygoid :- Origin :- Insertion :- Action 1. 2.
173
Depression is only done by :-
173
Medial pterygoid :- Arise from :- Insertion :- Action 1. 2.
173
Maxillary artery :- Branch of :- 3 parts 1. 2. 3.
Branches from 2 part does not require :-
Branches from 1. And 3 rd
Art requires :-
174
Maxillary artery branches
Branches from first part :- Mnemonic :- MAIDA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
2nd part branches :-
3rd part branches 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
175
Image
Internal carotid artery pass through :-
Superior part of foramen lacerumnis transverse by :-
Lower part is closed by :-
146
Grater petrosal nerve is branch of:-
Carries :-
Deep petrosal nerve is branch of :-
Forms
Carries :-
From :-
146
Greater petrosal nerve + deep petrosal nerve aka :-
Pass through :-
Present in floor of sphenoid
Ends in :-
146
Dural venous sinus :-
Space between :-
Present between two meningeal layer :-
Dural folds :- 1. 2. 3. 4.
176
Tentorium cerebelli :- Forms partion between :- Sinuses present in it are 1. 2. 3.
176
Fall cerebri Present between :- Sinus present :- 1. 2. 3. ISS and straight sinus :- present between :-
177
Fall cerebelli
Present between :-
Contain :-
177
Diaphragma sellae
Present over :-
Forms roof of :-
177
Unpaired sinuses are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
177
Paired sinus 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
177
Superior Sagital sinus continues as :-
178
Inferior saggital sinus continues as :- ,,,,,,,,+,,,,,,,:-
178
Transverse sinus continues as :-
Sigmoid sinus drains into :-
Lateral sinus :- ,,,,,,,,+ ,,,,,,,,,,,
Confluence of sinus :- melting point of 4 sinus 1. 2. 3. 4.
178
Cavernous sinus :- Loacation :- either side of :- Medially :- 1. 2.
178
Trans shenoidal hypophysectomy :-
Means removal of :-
179
Structures passing through cavernous sinus :-
1.
2. ( ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,)
3.
4.
5.
Maxillary nerves does not pass through lateral wall
179
Cavernous sinus :- tributaries and communicating channels :-
Tributaries :- inflow channels Drains into cavernoussinus 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
179
Communicating channels :-
Outflow channels
Via ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,to ,,,,,,, ,,,,,
Via ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,to ,,,,,,,,,,,,
180
Cycle of drainage
Angular vein :-
Facial vein :-
Facial vein communicate to cavernous sinus via :-
Septic emboli from facial vein :-
Superior ophthalmic vein :-
180
Cavernous sinus thrombosis :- Features :- CN affected :- Opthalmoplegia due to :- Severe pain along distribution of :- Swelling of :- Exophthalmos Increase ICT leading to :- Loss of :-
181
Vein of Trolard :-
Vein of labbe :-
181
Read arterial supply of dura :-
Nerve supply of dura
181-182