Head Neck Neuro Flashcards
AAOx4
Awake, Alert and Oriented to person, place and time
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
- Measure cognitive function
2. Used during a full neuro assessment
Glasgow Coma Scale checks what responses?
Eye opening
Verbal
Motor
- Loss of understanding
2. Loose expression
Aphasia
Sensory
Motor
Receptive
Expressive
How are we testing motor function? (4 things)
Cerebellum function
Coordination
Strength
Balance–Romberg’s test
how are we testing intellectual function? 5 things
i. Memory
ii. Knowledge
iii. Abstract thinking
iv. Association
v. Judgment
Sensory function how are we testing?
ii. Temperature, light touch, vibration, position, two point discrimination (using two end of paper clips)
Reflexes 0-4+
0: no response
1+: sluggish/diminished
2+: active/expected response (normal)
3+: more brisk than expected, slightly hyperactive
4+: brisk and hyperactive with intermittent or transient clonus
anterior triangle of neck muscles
- Trachea, thyroid
2. Anterior cervical lymph nodes
Posterior Triangle
Posterior cervical lymph nodes
What are we inspecting with the neck?
Ant. triangle Post. triangle Lymph nodes Carotid artery Jugular vein Bend chin to chest Palpate back of neck
Preauricular, supraclavicular, submandibular, posterior cervical, anterior cervical, tonsillar, submental
Lymph nodes
Lymph nodes that are:
large, fixed, inflamed, or tender indicate a problem such as local infection, systemic disease or neoplasm
local skin breakdown of the naris
Excoriation
tumorlike growths
Polyps
Examine external ear canal
otoscope
20/60
you can see at 60ft what others can see at 20ft
Extraoccular movements (EOM) 6 cardinal fields
Nystagmus Superior, inferior rectus Superior, inferior oblique Lateral rectus Medial rectus
Bright light: what do pupils do?
Contracts (gets smaller)
Dim light: what do pupils do?
Dilates (expands)
Tests measures the distance from your eyes to where both eyes can focus without double vision
Convergence
The person fixes on a distance object
The person is then asked to look at a close object -there eyes converge & pupils constrict
Accommodation Eye Test
3 types of hearing loss
Conduction
Sensorineural
Mixed
Ototoxicity
Interrupts sound waves
Conduction
Involves inner ear, auditory nerve, or hearing center of brain
Sensorineural
Combo of conduction and sensorineural loss
Mixed
Injury to auditory nerve resulting from high maintenance doses of antibiotics
Ototoxicity
