Head, Neck, And Dental Anatomy Flashcards
Which anterior tooth has the longest root?
maxillary canine
Which teeth have the most prominent lingual aspect?
maxillary incisors
How many mamelons are on teeth?
3
How many fossae in maxillary canine?
2
T/F there is a cingulum on all teeth
F All anterior teeth
What is the function of incisors?
Cutting/biting
What # is the maxillary left lateral incisor?
10
On a mandibular canine, the root tip is ______ to the root axis.
lingual
The mandibular canines are much greater ___ than maxillary canines.
F-L than M-D
Cervical lines typically curve ______
mesially
This anterior tooth may have two roots and two root canals.
mandibular canine
When is the root completed on the maxillary centrals?
10 yrs
How many cusps does a canine have?
1
Height of contour on anterior teeth?
cervical third
Which anterior teeth vary the most in the mouth?
maxillary lateral incisors
Smallest teeth in the mouth
mandibular central incisors
Most prominent teeth in the mouth M-D
maxillary centrals
4 lobes contribute to
cingulum and mamelons
Which tooths cusp is centered lingually?
mandibular canine
has a lingual ridge
maxillary canine
Which tooth had the most prominent labial ridge?
maxillary canine
Enamel is __% mineralized and __% organic material
96; 4
The most organic part of the enamel is the ___ ______.
rod sheath
This occurs as a result of rhythmic recurrent deposit of enamel
Striae of Retzius
Dentinal tubules that extend across the DEJ into the enamel
Dentinal spindles; the terminal end of the spindle would be an enamel spindle
Ridges usually seen in the cervical third of enamel
Imbrication lines (perikymata are grooves)
What % is dentin mineralized?
70
What dentin forms the bulk of crowns
mantle/ primary
Where is enamel the thickest?
occlusal/incisal edge
Which dentin protects the pulp, and is also referred to as osteodentin?
tertiary/reparative dentin
The band of newly formed unmineralized matrix of dentin; present at the pulpal border
predentin
Dentin material deposited incrementally almost daily
lines of von ebner/incremental lines
A line that reflects the abrupt change in the environment at or near birth
neonatal line
The less calcified area at the DCJ beneath cementum
Tomes granular layer
This dentin doesnt start forming until the root is completed; forms after apical foramen is completed
secondary dentin
Dentinal fluid crystallizes and fills in the tubule
sclerotic dentin
What cells are found in the pulp?
fibroblasts, odontoblasts, nerve cells, and blood cells
Odontoblasts in mature cells are found where?
Line the perimeter of the pulp (outer pulp wall)
Cold water is used to stimulate dentinal tubules causing pressure on nerve endings. (Refers to what people commonly believe causes tooth sensitivity)
hydrodynamic theory
What changes occur in the pulp with aging?
pulpal cells DECREASE in number
Calcified masses appearing in either canal or coronal portions of the pulp organ
denticles (pulp stones)
Name the tissues in the periodontium
Alveolar bone
Cementum is formed by?
cementoblasts (originate from PDL fibroblasts that come from sheath cells)
Unlike bone, cementum lacks what?
blood vessels
Why is cementum not sensitive to pain?
it lacks nerves
Intermediate cementum comes from what?
epithelial cells of the root sheath
Where is cellular cementum found?
apical 1/3
Most abrasive to least abrasive….
Enamel, dentin, cementum
Where do pulp and dentin come from?
dental papilla
What is the most common CEJ pattern?
overlap
What are the parts of the PDL that are inserted into the cementum on one end and bone on the other?
Sharpeys fibers
Elastic-like fibers that support the blood vessel walls and collagen bundles.
oxytalin fibers
Originate from the cervical region of each crown and extends into similar locations on adjacent teeth
transeptal/interdental fibers
Oblique fibers resist what forces?
Intrusive masticatory
Occur only in single root teeth
Apical fiber group
What are epithelial rests of Malassez?
Remnants of the rooth sheath
What are the functions of the PDL?
Support
Radiographically, lamina dura is
radiopaque
The principle fibers that remain the longest are
interseptal/transseptal
Alveolar bone proper is also known as
cribiform plate, lamina dura, bundle bone
Because it is regularly penetrated by collagen fiber bundles, alveolar bone proper is also known as…
bundle bone
Interdental bone septum is rounded on the _____ and flat on the ______.
anterior; posterior (molar area)
Loss of bone near root apices
fenestration
Bone loss in the cervical area of the root
dehiscense
Which material is the least stable of the periodontal tissue?
alveolar bone
Which organelle functions as protein factories
Ribosomes
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus
Package Proteins
Which vesicles are produced by the golgi apparatus
lysosomes
which organelles do the cells energy come from
mitochondria
in which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes seperate into chromatids
anaphase
in which phase does the cell actually divide
telophase
what is between the epithelium and the connective tissue
basement membrane
most common type of cell in connective tissue is..
fibroblast
which part of the bone has the blood vessels
periosteum
how does the mandible develope
intramembranous
b-cells are mature in
bone marrow
what is involved in the direct defense mechanism of the body
neutrophil
what neural tissue conducts nerve impluses away from the nerve cell body
axon
which does not hace submucosa
hard palate
what are epithelial extensions into the connective tissue
rete pegs
the stippled texture is a result of..
rete pegs
A cell to cell attachment is a
desmosome
papillae involved with hairy tongue
filiform
papillae that have no taste buds
filiform
salivary glands of circumvallate papillae
Ebners Gland
Dry mouth
Xerostomia
attached gingiva is: keratinized or nonkeratinized
keratinized
highest rate of cell turnover
junctional epithelium
valley like depression
Col
The articular disk connects medial and laterally to the
condyle head
compartments in TMJ
synovial cavities
innervention of masticatory muscles
mandibular division of trigeminal nerves
protrudes mandible
lateral pterygoid
what are the muscles of mastication?
masseter
functional unit of salivary glands
acinus
glands located opposite of maxillary 2nd molars
parotid
largest salivary gland
parotid
salivary gland that produces mostly serous sevretion?
paortid
salivary gland that produces most of saliva
submandibular
submandibular gland secretes from
caruncles
major enzyme in saliva
amylase
surrounds the oropharynx in a ring
Waldeyer’s ring
bulk of tissue in lamina propria:
connective tissue
sulcus is: keratinized or nonkeratinized
nonkeratinized
lining mucosa is found:
soft palate
specialized is found:
dorsal and lateral surface of tongue
Tooth enamel is part of the:
Ectoderm
The muscles of mastication are located in ____ pharyngeal arch
In the 1st pharyngeal arch
If cleft palate if going to develop, it will be in the
7th - 11th week
The body of the tongue develops from the ____ ______ ______ _______ and _______ ______ _________ _______.
two lateral lingual swellings and centrally located tuberculum impar
Foramen cecum is the initial site of the descent of the tubular down growth resulting in the ______
thyroid gland
Complete cleft lip is caused when the ______ and ____ _____ ______ do not fuse together
maxillary and medial nasal processes
What is the first step in the stages of tooth development:
bud stage
The first sign of tooth formation is the development of dental lamina rising from the oral epithelium
bud stage
Inner enamel epithelial cells become the
ameloblasts
The peripheral cells of the dental papilla become:
odontoblasts
Primary enamel cuticle fuses with the overlying oral epithelium and forms the:
reduced enamel epithelium
Cell proliferation of the IEE and OEE continues at the base of the enamel organ. This is the
cervical loop
The fusion of OEE and IEE to form the epithelial root sheath or:
Hertwigs root sheath
________ ________ guides the teeth in their movement to ensure complete tooth eruption
Gubernaculum Cord
________ and ______ constantly remodel the alveolar bone as the teeth enlarge and move forward in the direction of the growing face
osteoclasts and osteoblasts
several small masses of calcified dental tissues that more or less resemble small teeth
Compound odontoma
a tooth within a tooth
dens in dente
which teeth are the teeth most frequently involved in dens in dente?
permanent maxillary lateral incisors
tooth attempts to divide itself by splitting its tooth germ; usually has a single root and common root canal (a tooth that tries to twin itself)
Germination
occurs when 2 adjacent tooth germs unite. They may be united along a part of, or entire length of the tooth. (2 teeth that try to join; usually join at dentin)
Fusion
If teeth are only connected by their cementum, then ___________ has occurred.
Concresence
Notched incisors, sometimes called screwdriver shaped
Hutchinsons Incisors
Hutchinsons Incisors are formed as a result of ______________
prenatal syphilis
Enamel Hypoplasia may leave small _______ and _______ in the crown
pits and grooves
The enamel is very thin, has shades of yellow and brown, and easily fractures
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Hypocalcification of a single tooth; usually appears as a localized chalky white spot
Turners tooth
clinically teeth appear light blue-gray to yellow; somewhat opalescent. Radiographically there is partial or total abscence of pulp chambers and root canals
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
The most common malformed anterior tooth
Maxillary lateral incisor
loss of tooth structure from chemical means
erosion
a severe bend or distortion in the tooth root and crown of more than 40 degrees is
dilaceration
furcations are more cervical on ____ _______, especially ______ _____ ______.
1st molars
furcations are more ________ on 1st molars, especially mandibular 1st molars
cervical
maxillary molars furcation accessed from the
lingual
Initial attachment loss with most of the bone still intact in the furcation. No radiographic changes seen
Grade I: Incipient
bone defect is definite horizontal bone loss that does not extend all the way through producing a “cul-de-sac”. Vertical bone loss may also be present, There is an opening into the furcation.
Grade II: moderate
bone is lost across the width of the furcation so no bone is attached to the furcation root; a “through-and-through” opening of the furcation
Grade III: advanced
bone loss across the furcation, accompied with gingival recession at the furcation; furcation opening is clinically visible
Grade IV
proximal root concavities, especially the ______ of the _______ _____ _____, make subgingival instrumentation difficult on proximal surfaces
mesial
In class II caries, what may be the first clinical evidence?
a loss of translucency of enamel overlying the marginal ridge
class IV caries involves the proximal surface and the incisal angle or corner of an _____ _______
anterior tooth
Class V caries is located where in any tooth crown?
cervical 1/3 of the facial or lingual surface
A thin protein coat deposited on a tooths surface
pellicle
Endotoxins are released from the cell wall of dead gram _____ bacteria initiating inflammation and tissue destruction
negative
when a tooth surface is cleaned, pellicle is ______ deposited on the enamel surface
quickly
what letter is primary mandibular 1st molar?
S
Primary teeth are _______ in color than permanent teeth
whiter / lighter
Pulp chambers in primary teeth are _____ than those in permanent teeth
larger
spaces between primary canines and 1st molars and between 1st and 2nd molars
Leeway spaces
which primary teeth do not resemble any other teeth
Primary 1st molars
Obvious trait of primary 1st molar
Buccal cervical ridge
Primary secondary molars look like
Permanent 1st molars
by what age should a child have their first dental appointment?
no later than 12 months of age
Distal step primary dentitions usually leads to a ________ permanent molar occlusion.
Class II
A flush terminal plane or a mild mesial step primary dentition is variable but frequently leads to a ________ permanent molar occlusion.
Class I
Maxillary canine fits between:
mandibular canine and 1st premolar
Order of Eruption for Primary Teeth:
Central Incisor
Eruption Sequence & ages of Primary Dentition for Maxillary teeth:
Central Incisor: 8-12 months
Eruption sequence & ages of Primary Dentition for Mandibular teeth:
Central Incisor: 6-10 months
When the arches are viewed from the buccal aspect, it is evident there is a gradual curve anterior to posterior of the buccal cusp tips. This imaginary line is called:
Curve of Spee
arch to arch relationship of the maxilla to the mandible (bone to bone) when the mandible is in its most retruded position:
Centric Relation
relationship of the occlusal surfaces of one arch to those of the other when the jaws are closed and the teeth are in maximum intercuspal position:
Centric Occlusion
The amount of facial HORIZONTAL overlap of the maxillary teeth is called:
overjet
The amount of VERTICAL overlap of the maxillary teeth is called:
overbite
Protrusion is guided by the __________ and called _________ _____________.
Incisors
Bruxing is:
excessive grinding
Symptoms of parafunctional habits:
ringing in the ears,
the loss of enamel through tooth to tooth contact that may result in facets or possible fracture of cusps:
Attrition
possible loss of enamel through tensile and compressive forces that affects both facial and lingual cervical areas; appears as a deep, narrow V-shaped notch
Abfraction
In Class II Division II, the central incisors are ______ & _________
retruded and inclined lingually
What is lateral excursion?
When the mandible moves to either side only the CANINES touch without molar and premolar contacts
Order of Eruption for Mandibular Permanent Teeth:
1st molar
Order of Eruption for Maxillary Permanent Teeth:
1st molar
a permanent premolar replaces a
primary molar
Prominent mesial concavity
maxillary 1st premolar
Buccal cusp only cusp to occlude
mandibular 1st Premolar
Only premolars that may have a transverse ridge that does not cross an occlusal developmental groove
mandibular 1st premolar
When do mandibular 2nd premolars erupt?
11-12 years
Has a Y-groove pattern
2nd mandibular premolar
The root of #20 is —- & —- than the root of tooth #21
larger and longer
Which is wider on the L than on the B (molar)
Maxillary 1
What cusp has cusp of Carabelli?
ML
What seperates the cusp of Carabelli?
ML groove
What is the shape of a maxillary 3rd molar
Heart-Shaped
Which molar has a “t”
2nd mandibular molar
Which tooth (molar) is most likely to have 3 cusps?
16
Which tooth is most likely to erupt first? (not canine)
Maxillary 1st premolar
which tooth can you see all of its occlusal surface from the lingual?
mandibular 1st premolar
Tendency for maxillary 1st molar to have ____ root canals in the _____ root
2; MB
Height of contour on L side?
Middle 1/3
Nerve for tongue
Lingual Nerve
Nerve for cheek
Buccal Nerve
Nerve for #6-11
Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve
Nerve for Posterior upper molars
Posterior superior alveolar nerve
Nerve for upper premolars
Middle superior alveolar nerve
Nerve for mandible
Inferior alveolar nerve
Nerve for Floor of the mouth
Mylohyoid nerve
Ganglion
Accumulation of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system
Maxilla
Pair bones
synapse
junction between 2 neurons or a neuron and muscle
temporomandibular ligament
TMJ
Neuron
cellular component pertaining to nervous system
nervous system
causes muscles to contract
mylohyoid muscle
muscle in the floor of the mouth
buccinator
muscle of facial expression
buccinator and mylohyoid muscles
2 accessory muscles of mastication
cleft palate
results from incomplete fusion of the maxillary bones at palatine process
mucocele
blockage of minor salivary gland
bacteremia
bacteria traveling within the vascular system
medial
area that is closer to the median plane of the body or structure
temporomandibular disorder
disorder involving one or both temporomandibular joints
innervation
nerve supply to the periodontium
depression of the mandible
lowering of the lower jaw
muscle
type of body tissue that shortens under neural control, causing soft tissue and bony structures to move
action
movement accomplished by a muscle when the muscle fibers contract
bones
mineralized structures of the body that protect internal soft tissues and serve as the biomechanical basis for movement
lingual
structures closest to the tongue
buccal
structures closest to the inner cheek
superior
area that faces toward the head of the body, away from the feet
superficial
structures located toward the surface of the body
sagittal plane
any plane of the body created by an imaginary plane parallel with the median plane
inferior
area that faces away from the head and toward the feet of the body
deep
structures located inward, away from the body surface
apex
pointed end of a conical structure
dorsal
back of an area of the body
distal
area that is farther away from the median plane of the body
cardiovascular disease
when atherosclerosis occurs in arteries leading to the heart
frontal section
section of the body through any frontal plane
articulation
area where the bones are joined to each other
parotid gland
largest gland. paired. located in front of ear, outside of skull, under skin and muscle. Stenson’s Duct. Serous secretions- 25% of total volume.
mandible (V3)
3rd and largest division of trigeminal nerve
facial paralysis
loss of muscle actions in muscles of facial expressions
plasma
watery basis of blood composition
red blood cells
erythrocytes
white blood cells
mono-, lymph-, leukocytes; varying types
platelets
important part of blood composition for clotting
arteries
blood vessel that carries blood away from heart
veins
blood vessel that carries blood to heart
capillary
tiny blood vessel that branches off small artery to supple blood to tissue
venule
smaller vein that drains the capillaries in the tissue area
plexus
network of veins that comes together (paired)
heart
hollow organ
posterior
back of an area of the body
mitral and tricuspid
2 valves of the heart
maxillary sinusitis
infection of the maxillary sinus
stylomandibular ligament
runs from styloid process of temporal bone to the angle of the mandible
neurotransmitter
chemical agen that is discharged to cause action of a muscle
nerve
bundle of neurons
muscles
allows us to move
dorsal
top posterior of tongue
mandible
single bone
zygomatic bone
also known as malar bone
efferent (motor)
carries info away from brain/spinal cord to the body
normal flora
resident microorganisms that usually do not cause infections
hilus
depression on one side of a lymph node where lymph flows out by way of an efferent lymphatic vessel
spinal cord
carries messages to the brain and carries messages from brain part of central nervous system
anastomosis
communication of a blood vessel with another blood vessel by a connecting channel
sphenomandibular, stylomandibular, temporomandibular
3 TMJ Ligaments
median
structure at the median plane
afferent vessel
type of lymphatic vessel in which lymph flows into the lymph node
Trigeminal Nerve
V cranial nerve
olfactory nerve
I cranial nerve
optic nerve
II cranial nerve
oculomotor nerve
III cranial nerve
trochlear nerve
IV cranial nerve
abducens nerve
VI cranial nerve
proximal
area closer to the median plane of the body
masseter muscle
strong muscle in the buccal region which is felt when a patient clenches the teeth together
orbicularis oris
muscle of facial expression
lateral pterygoid muscle
muscle
medial pterygoid muscle
muscle
masseter, temporal, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid
4 muscles of mastication
voluntary muscle
muscles used for walking and tirggered by thought
involuntary muscle
muscle auto-responses from body
retromolar pad
triangular area where medial and lateral views of the mandible come together
mandibular canal
area used for mental block on lingual and opens into mental foramen
opportunistic infections
normal flora creating an infectious process because the body’s defenses are compromised
lymphadenopathy
swelling of lymph nodes :abnormal enlargement”
median plane
plane created by an imaginary line that divides the body into right and left halves
zygomatic process of maxilla
forms part of cheekbone with zygomatic arch
opportunisitic pathogen
capable of causing disease only when the host’s resistance is lowered
lymphatic vessels
part of lymphatic system that runs parallel to most veins in the body
alveolar, zygomatic, frontal, palatine
4 bones with processes attaching to maxilla
5 anatomic parts of TMJ
articular fossa
articular disc
divides space between bones
synovial fluid
padding in between bones
vomer
single bone
arch
prominen bridgelike bony structure
ranula
mucole that appear in floor of mouth of major salivary glands
midsagittal section
section of the body through the median plane
meatus
opening or canal in the bone
ramus
vertical portion of mandible
angle
attaches several muscles to mandible
body
horizontal portion of mandible
condyle
portion of mandible that connects to the TMJ
coronoid process
main portion of the anterior border of ramus
alveolar process
forms sockets of teeth
8 landmarks of mandible
oblique ridge
7 types of muscles of head and neck
cervical muscles
anesthesia
shuts down communication of nerves and neurons by blocking the chemicals from entering at the synapses
sympathetic nervous system
flight or flight responses
parasympathetic nervous system
rest or digest responses
central and peripheral nervous systems
2 branches of nervous system
sensory and motor
2 branches of peripheral nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
2 branches of autonomic nervous system
gliding movement of TMJ
allows jaw to move forward and backward
rotational movement of TMJ
depression and elevation of jaw
Central nervous system
control center
sensory/afferent vessels
carries infor from the periphery of the body to brain or spinal cord
maxillary sinuses
largest of paranasal sinuses
frontal sinuses
paired sinuses located in frontal bone
sphenoid sinuses
sinuses located in sphenoid bone
ethmoid sinuses
located in the ethmoid bone
ligament
a band of fibrous tissue that connects bones
alvoelar process of the maxilla
houses/forms sockets of teeth
mitral valve prolapse
when the valve connection the left ventricle and left atrium is leaking
aorta
biggest artery in body
4 processes of zygomatic arch
Zygomatic process of temporal bone
pulmonary artery
only artery that carries deoxygenated blood
pulmonary vein
only vein that carries oxygenated blood
mandible
single bone
Heart
Several arteries branch directly off the aorta to feed the _____________
sublingual gland
paired glands located in the anterior floor of mouth under the tongue.
hematoma
trauma to a blood vessel
Palatine process of the maxilla
forms hard palate
frontal process of the maxilla
fuses with frontal bone facially
vermillion zone
shaded area of lips that is darker than surrounding skin
vermillion border
transition zone betweek skin and vermillion zone
philtrum
area under nose that extends from nasal septum to the top of the lip
tubercle
point on upper lip where the philtrum terminates
labial commissure
corners of mouth
greater palatine foramen
aiming area for palatal injections
Maxillary (V2) nerve
2nd division of trigeminal nerve
palatine bones
paired bones
opthalmic (V1) nerve
1st and smallest division of trigeminal nerve
zygomatic bones
also known as malar bone
lacrimal bones
paired bones
inferior nasal conchae
paired bones
pterygoid venus plexus
drains everything from head and neck area to the heart
external auditory meatus
short canal leading to the tympanic cavity
nasal bones
paired bones
ethmoid bone
single bone
sphenoid bone
single bone
parietal bones
paired bones
sinus
cavity within the bone
submandibular gland
paired glands lcoated inside the medial angle of mandible
frontal bone
single bone
temporal bone
paired bones
occipital bone
single bone
process
like a projection; an irregularly shaped extension named for where it is going
landmarks
characteristics that appear on a specific bone
nerve block
type of injection that anesthetizes a larger area than local infiltration because the local anesthetic agen is deposited near large nerve trunks
external acousitc meatus
tube through which sound waves are transmitted to the middlbe ear within the skull
bones
protect
apex
tip of tongue
ventral
under tongue
lateral
sides of tongue
anatomical postition
position in which the body is erect, with arms @ the sides, plams and toes directed forward, and eyes looking forward
zygomatic region
region of the head that is lateral to the infraorbital region
inferior nasal conchae
paired bones withing the body part of the nose
temporal
region of the head where the external ear is a prominent feature
anastomose
to join together; in the periodontium, a complex system of blood vessels supplies blood to the periodontal tissues
alveolar bone proper
also known as cribriform plate
effernt vessel
type of lymphatic vessel in which lymph flows out of the lymph node in the area of the node’s hilus
foramen/ foramina
short, windowlike opening in the bone
insertion
end of the muscle that is attatched to the more movable structure
7 types of facial bones
vomer
6 types of cranial bones
occipital
22
Number of bones in the skull
labial
structure closest to lips
origin
end of the muscle that is attached to the least movable structure
lateral deviation of the mandible
shifting of the lower jaw to one side
atherosclerosis
the narrowing and blockage of the arteries by a buildup of plaque
plexus
network of blood vessels, usually veins
thrombus/thrombi
clot that forms on the inner blood vessel wall
afferent nerve
sensory nerve that carries information from the periphery of the body to the brain or spinal cord
process
general term for any prominence on a bony surface
facial
structures closest to the facial surface
alveolar bone
the bone that surrounds the roots of the teeth. It forms the bony sockets that support and protect the roots of the teeth
external
outer side of the wall of a hollow structure
contralateral
structures on the opposite side of the body
joint
site of a junction or union between two or more bones
lateral
area that is farther away from the median plane of the body or structure
temporomandibular joint
joint located inferior to the zygomatic arch and just anterior to the ear
oral cavity
inside of the mouth
paresthesia
abnormal sensation from an area such as burning or prickling
embolus/emboli
foreign material or thrombus traveling in the blood that can block the vessel
horizontal plane
plane created by an imaginary line that divides the body @ any level into superior and inferior portions
internal
inner side of the wall of a hollow structure
ipsilateral
structures on the same side of the body
palatal
structure closest to the palate
elevation of the mandible
rising of the lower jaw
retraction of the mandible
bringing backward of the lower jaw
hematoma
bruise that results when a blood vessel is injured and a small amount of blood escapes into the surrounding tissue and clots
capillary
smaller blood vessel that branches off an arteriole to supply blood directly to tissue
plaque
substance which consists of cholesterol (mainly), calcium, clotting proteins, and other substances that can be found lining arteries
vein
type of blood vessel that travels to the heart, carrying blood
Bell’s Palsy
type of unilateral facial paralysis involving the facial nerve
anesthesia
the loss of feeling or sensation resulting from the use of certain drugs or gases that seruve as inhibitory neurotransmitters
Abducen’s Nerve Paralysis
loss of funtion of the 6th cranial nerve
bacteremia
bacteria traveling within the vascular system
anterior
front area of the body
artery
type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
cells
smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning independently
protrusion of the mandible
bringing forward of the lower jaw
facial paralysis
loss of action of the facial muscles
transverse section
section of the body through any horizontal plane
8
number of cranial bones
14
number of facial bones
occipital
single bone
foramen magnum
huge foramen in occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
temporal bone
paired bones
frontal bone
single bone
parietal bone
paired bones
sphenoid
singe bone
ethmoid
single bone
vomer
single bone
nasal bones
paired
lacrimal bones
paired
palatine bones
paired
maxilla
paired bones
Cranial Nerves
On Old Olympus Tiny Tops, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops
Cranial Nerve; sensory /motor
Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says, Bad Business, Marry Money
2 cranial nerves controlling tongue
IX-Glossopharyngeal
most facial and oral pain through these 2 nerves
V- trigeminal
Paired
All cranial nerves are ________
Trigeminal Nerve
Gasserion ganglion present
Gasserion Ganglion
also known as trigeminal ganglion
eminence
tubercle or rounded elevation on a bony surface
Surfaces and Sutures
2 places where bones grow at
pathogen
a virus, microorganism, or other substance that causes dz
primary node
lymph node that drains lymph from a particular region
secondary node
lymph node that drains lymph from a primary node
hemorrhage
large amounts of blood that escape into the surroudning tissue without clotting
base
posterior 1/3 of tongue
body
anterior 2/3 of tongue
ventral
front area of the body
temporomandibule joint
a joint on each side of the ehad that allows for movement of the mandible, speech, and mastication
articular disc
also called a meniscus
sphenomandibular ligament
not part of TMJ, but rather on the medial side of the mandible
frontal plane
plane created by an imaginary line that divides the body at any level into anterior and posterior portions
subluxation
dislocation of joints
paranasal sinus
provides ventilation to head
lymphatic system
filters toxins and other foreign bodies out of body
metastasis
spread of cancer from primary location
Facial nerve
VII nerve
Acoustic nerve
VIII nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
IX nerve
Vagus nerve
X nerve
Spinal Accessory nerve
XI nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
XII nerve
amylase
begins process of breaking food down into simple sugars in saliva
sialolith
stone formed in glands
coronal
towards the crown of a tooth
infraorbital region
region of the head located inferior to the orbial region and lateral to the nasal region
local infiltration
type of injection that anesthetizes a small area- one or two teeth and associated structures- when the local anesthetic agent is deposited near nerminal nerve endings
suture
generally immovable articulation in which bones are joined by fibrous tissue
trigeminal nerve
innervates to the maxilla by the second branch and the mandible by the third branch
superior vena cava
large vein on top of heart
inferior vena cava
large vein coming in from bottom of the heart
valves
there are no ________ in the veins of the head and neck, which makes infection very easy to spread and to linger in an area
xerostomia
decreased saliva flow
scalp
layers of soft tissue overlying the bones of the brain case
mastoid process
site for large muscles of the neck to attach
endocrine
secreted into blood; hormones, such as thyroid and pituitary glands
exocrine
secreted to specific locations by ducts; salivary and lacrimal glands
mucous
ropey saliva composition
serous
water saliva composition
mixed
both watery and ropey saliva composition combined
thyroid
largest endocrine glandthyroxine
hypo
prefix meaning not enough
hyper
prefix meaning too much
lingual artery
artery to tongue
facial artery
artery to cheek
posterior superior alveolar artery
artery to max molars
middle superior alveolar artery
artery to max premolars
anterior superior alveolar artery
artery to #6-11
inferior alveolar artery
artery to mandible
infraorbital artery
connects anterior superior alveolar artery and middle superior alveolar arter to the maxillary artery
maxillary artery
feeds all area of face. connects to external carotid artery
external carotid artery
connects to common carotid arter
common carotid artery
connects to aorta
