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COMLEX > Head/neck > Flashcards

Head/neck Flashcards

1
Q

situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis

A

Kartagener syndrome

- primary ciliary dyskinesia, a disorder with a dynein arm defect causing immotile cilia

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2
Q

what side effect do prostaglandin inhibitors have on the iris?
- bimatoprost, latanoprost

A

hyperpigmentation

- they alter the melanin content in the iris, leading to darkening in eye color

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3
Q

ocular deposition of blood between the sclera and conjunctiva, sparing the area over the cornea

  • resolves on its own
  • not associated w/ vision changes or pain
A

subconjunctival hemorrhage

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4
Q

what is the mCC of viral conjunctivitis?

A

adenovirus

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5
Q
  • Inflammation of the fibrous layer underling conjunctiva
  • Progressive, boring pain; no pruritus or purulent drainage
  • Vision changes including photophobia and blurriness
  • Associated with autoimmune diseases and vasculitis
A

Scleritis

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6
Q

protozoan that infects the nasal cavity and crosses the cribriform plate to infect the central nervous system

A

Naegleria fowleri

- causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis

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7
Q

second-generation antihistamine that does not cross the blood-brain barrier and does not cause as much sedation as the first-generation drugs

A

loratidine aka claritin

- should always be first line tx, NOT diphenhydramine 9d/t sedation SA)

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8
Q

organism that causes lockjaw, stiff neck, trouble swallowing, and paralyzed abdominal muscles

A

C. tetani

  • gram positive, spore forming rod
  • exotoxin, called tetanospasmin, causes decreased release of the inhibitory neurotransmitters GABA and glycine
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9
Q

External rotation of paired bones (parietal, temporal, frontal), decreased anteroposterior (AP) diameter, eyes set further apart, counternutation of the sacrum

A

SBS Flexion

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10
Q

Internal rotation of paired bones (parietal, temporal, frontal), increased AP diameter, eyes set closer together, nutation of the sacrum

A

SBS Extension

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11
Q

t(14:18)?

A

DLBCL

- BCL2

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12
Q

major side effect seen with sildenafil?

A

cyanopsia or blue vision

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13
Q

counternutation?

A

sacral base moves posterior

- SBS flexion

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14
Q

nutation?

A

sacral base moves anterior

- SBS extension

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15
Q

vault hold finger placement

A

The index finger (2nd digit) is located on the greater wing of the sphenoid.
The middle finger (3rd digit) is located on the preauricular portion of the temporal bone.
The ring finger (4th digit) is located on the mastoid process.
The little finger (5th digit) is located on the squamous portion of the occiput.

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16
Q

anti-SSA Abs?

A

anti-Ro, (SSB=La)

- sjogrens

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17
Q

index fingers are moving superiorly and the fifth fingers are moving inferiorly while palpating the cranium with the vault hold

A

inferior vertical strain

18
Q

what are two common side effects of amytriptiline?

A

urinary retention and tachycardia

  • blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
  • has strong muscarinic blocking properties
19
Q

meningitis in HIV/AIDS?

A

cryptococcal meningitis

- tx: amphotericin B

20
Q

what is the MC affected sinus is children vs adults?

A

children: ethmoid
adults: maxillary

21
Q 
lateral strabismus (eye drifts laterally), ptosis (drooping superior eyelid), and mydriasis (pupil dilation)
- loss of pupillary light reflex in affected eye
A

occulomotor nerve palsy

22
Q

Lesion of what nerve will cause medial strabismus (eye drifts medially)

A

abducens nerve

23
Q

lesion of what nerve will cause eye drift upwards

A

trochlear nerve

24
Q

painless loss of monocular vision with associated pale retina with a cherry-red macula seen on fundoscopic examination

A

retinal artery occlusion

25
Q

what is the leading cause of blindness in persons 25-74 years of age in the United States?

A

diabetic neuropathy

  • floaters, blurred vision, and gradual loss of visual acuity
  • presence of microaneurysms
26
Q

what is optin neuritis associated with?

A

MS

27
Q

Patients will initially complain of the sensation of a flashing light, floaters, or vision loss
- vision loss may be filmy, cloudy, irregular, or curtain-like

A

retinal detachment

- Marfan’s syndrome!!

28
Q

what is the differential diagnoses for a cherry-red macula?

A

Tay-Sachs disease, Niemann-Pick disease, and central retinal artery occlusion

29
Q

painless acute onset of blurred vision in one eye

- described as “cloudy vision” rather than an actual visual loss

A

central retinal vein occlusion

30
Q

ipsilateral genioglossus muscle is weak, and the protruded tongue deviates toward that weak side

A

hypoglossal (CN XII) nerve lesion

31
Q

provides somatosensation and taste for the posterior one third of the tongue

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX)

32
Q

provides somatosensation for the anterior two thirds of the tongue and innervates the muscles of mastication

A

trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

33
Q

technique is used to enhance the amplitude of the Cranial Rhythmic Impulse (CRI)

A

CV4

  • physician gently follows the motion of extension, while resisting the motion of flexion
  • induces parasympathetic activity/improves autonomics
  • reduces tension HA, anxiety
34
Q

what is the most appropriate osteopathic technique for treating isolated somatic dysfunctions at any cranial suture

A

V-spread technique

35
Q

antineoplastic that binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule formation

  • disrupts the formation of the mitotic spindle, and causes the cell cycle to arrest at metaphase
  • specific for the M and S phases of the cell cycle
A

Vinblastine

- vinca alkaloid

36
Q

anthracycline that intercalates between DNA base pairs, impairs topoisomerase II function

  • inhibits replication and transcription
  • common side effect is cardiotoxicity
A

Doxorubicin

37
Q

tapeworm transmitted from eggs found in dog/sheep feces

- is responsible for large, locular cysts found in the liver, lungs, and brain

A

helminth Echinococcus granulosus

38
Q

what are the dural attachments?

A

foramen magnum, C2 (axis), C3, and S2

39
Q

what is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years of age is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
- what is the tx?

A

S. pneumo

- cephalosporin + vancomycin, both of which block the synthesis of peptidoglycan

40
Q

Dysfunctions of what cranial bone may cause strain on the vestibulocochlear nerve, resulting in tinnitus?

A

the temporal bone

- can also cause vertigo, motion sickness, nystagmus, and hearing loss

41
Q

adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency?

A

SCID

COMLEX (14 decks)

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