Head/Neck Flashcards
The ______muscle rotates and flexes the head, whereas the ______ muscle extends the head and moves the shoulders.
sternomastoid; trapezius
Lymph nodes in front of ears
preauricular nodes
Lymph nodes behind ears
post auricular
Lymph nodes at posterior base of skull
occipital
Lymph nodes at angle of mandible on anterior edge of sternocleidomastoid
tonsillar nodes
Lymph nodes on medial border of mandible
submandibular nodes
Lymph nodes a few centimeters behind the tip of the mandible
submental nodes
Lymph nodes superficial to the stern mastoid muscle
superficial cervical nodes
Posterior to the sternomastoid and anterior to the trapezius in the posterior triangle
Posterior cervical nodes
Deep within and around the stern mastoid muscle
Deep cervical chain
Hook fingers over clavicles and feel deeply between the clavicles and the sternomastoid muscle
Supraclavicular nodes
Produces a round or moon face with red cheeks. Excessive hair growth may be present as well.
Cushing’s syndrome
Face is edematous and often pale. Swelling usually around eyes in morning. Eyes make become slitlike.
Nephrotic Syndrome
Patient has severe hypothyroidism with dull, puffy facies.
Edema around eyes does not pit with pressure. Hair and eyebrows coarse, dry and thinned, skin is dry.
Myxedema
Local swelling anterior to ear lobe and above angles of jaw.
Parotid gland enlargement
Enlargement of bone and soft tissues. Head is elongated, with bony prominence of jaw, forehead and nose. Facial features appear coarsened.
Acromegaly
Decreased facial mobility blunts expression, resulting in a mask like face, decreased blinking and characteristic stare. Facial skin oily.
Parkinson’s disease
Kind of thyroid enlargement. Includes the isthmus and lateral lobes; no discretely palpable lobes.
Diffuse enlargement
Kind of thyroid enlargement,; may be a cyst, benign tumor or one nodule within a multinodular gland. Raises question of malignant.
Single nodule
Enlarged thyroid gland with two or more nodules suggests a metabolic rather than neoplastic process.
Multinodular goiter
Symptoms include nervousness, weight loss w/ increased appetite, sweating/heat intolerance, palpitations, frequent bowel movements, muscular weakness of proximal type and tremor
Hyperthyroidism
Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain w/ anorexia, dry coarse skin, swelling, constipation, weakness, muscle cramps and impaired memory
Hypothyroidism
Signs include warm/moist skin; increased systolic and decreased diastolic bp, tachycardia, tremor/muscle weakness, and stare w/ Grave’s disease
Hyperthyroidism
Signs include dry/coarse skin, sometimes yellow; decreased systolic and increased diastolic bp; bradycardia; impaired memory and hearing loss
Hypothyroidism
Treatment of ______ may include antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, surgery or a combo
Hyperthyroidism
Treatment of ______ includes thyroid hormone replacement, generally in form of levothyroxine.
Hypothyroidism
Most often, thyroid disease is _____
autoimmune
Physical assessment of head/skull consists of looking for (4)______
Size, shape, configuration
Involuntary movement
Palpate the Head/Skull
Inspecting the face consists of looking for (5) _______
Symmetry Features Movement Expression Skin condition
Don’t forget to palpate the ______ artery
and ______ joint
temporal; temporomandibular
When inspecting the neck, look for (4)_______
neck, movement of neck structures, cervical vertebrae, neck ROM
Palpate the thyroid gland, but ________an enlarged thyroid gland
auscultate
When you palpate the trachea it should be ______
midline
When palpating the thyroid gland, _____ hand displaces and ______ hand palpates
left; right
When palpating the lymph nodes, look for (5)________
Size and Shape Delimitation Mobility Consistency Tenderness and Location
under the hyoid bone; the area that widens at the top of the trachea), also known as the “Adam’s apple.”
thyroid cartilage
smaller upper tracheal ring under the thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
Normally lymph nodes, which are round and smaller than 1 cm, are not ____
palpable
When lymph node enlargement exceeds 1 cm, the client is said to have _______
lymphadenopathy
Normally lymph node delimitation (the lymph node’s position or boundary) is _____. In chronic infection, however, the lymph nodes become _______. In acute infection, they remain _____.
discrete; confluent (merge); discrete
Typical lymph nodes are _____ both from side to side and up and down. In metastatic disease, the lymph nodes enlarge and become ____ in place.
mobile; fixed
Somewhat more fibrotic and fatty in older clients, the normal lymph node is _____, whereas the abnormal node is ________
soft; hard/firm
Tender, enlarged nodes suggest ______ infections; normally lymph nodes are not sore or tender.
acute
