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Health Assessment > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Organ of vision, transmitting visual stimuli to the brain for interpretation

A

eye

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2
Q

The eye is located in ______ (round, bony hollow formed by several bones) surrounded by cushion of ____ for protection

A

eye orbit; fat

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3
Q

Light rays strike _____
Retina transforms into ______
_____ nerve transmits impulses to brain
______interprets

A

retina; nerve impulses; optic; brain

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4
Q

open space between eyelids

A

palpebral fissure

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5
Q

border between cornea & sclera

A

limbus

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6
Q

secrete oily lubrication onto lids

A

Meibomian Glands

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7
Q

transparent protective covering

A

conjunctiva

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8
Q

keep cornea moist

A

lacrimal apparatus

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9
Q

give eye straight & rotary movement

A

extra ocular muscles

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10
Q

Extraocular muscles are stimulated by what 3 nerves?

A

Cranial nerve III, IV, and VI

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11
Q

oculomotor nerve- all the rest

A

Cranial nerve III

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12
Q

trochlear nerve-innervates superior oblique muscle- able to look down and inward

A

Cranial nerve IV

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13
Q

abducens nerve- innervates lateral rectus muscle able to look outward to the side

A

Cranial nerve VI

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14
Q

Normal constriction of the pupil when bright light shines on it is a ______

A

Direct reflex

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15
Q

Shine light on eye- _______ (afferent) takes it to the brain(synapses with both sides) and _______(efferent) takes it back to the pupil and the pupil constricts

A

cranial nerve II; cranial nerve III

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16
Q

When both pupils constrict it is a ___________

A

consensual light reflex

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17
Q

_______ is when a person looks at a far object and then a near object and the eyes converge and constrict. (The Near Reaction)

A

Accommodation

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18
Q

Common/concerning symptoms include:

A

Changes in Vision
Double Vision or Diplopia
Strabismus Tearing
Blurring Edema
Redness Lesions
Itching Visual Disturbances
Discharge Photophobia
Pain

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19
Q

When eyes don’t look in same direction at same time

A

Strabismus

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20
Q

Subjective Data of health history includes (3)____:

A

Past Eye History of Client
Family History
Lifestyle Habits

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21
Q

Equipment needed for the objective physical exam includes (5)____

A 
Snellen eye chart
Handheld visual screener
Opaque card 
Penlight
Ophthalmoscope
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22
Q

Used to test distant visual acuity, the_____ chart consists of lines of different letters stacked one above the other

A

Snellen

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23
Q

If the client cannot read or has a handicap that prevents verbal communication, the______ is used. It is configured just like the Snellen chart but the characters on it are only Es, which face in all directions.

A

E chart

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24
Q

Position the client 20 ft from the Snellen or E chart and ask to read each line until she cannot decipher the letters or their direction. This tests for _____

A

distant visual acuity

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25
Q

_____ (impaired far vision) is present when the second number in the test result is larger than the first (20/40). The higher the second number, the ____ the vision.

A

Myopia; poorer

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26
Q

Normal distant visual acuity is _____ with or without corrective lenses.

A

20/20

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27
Q

Give the client a hand-held vision chart to hold 14 in from the eyes. Have the client cover one eye with an opaque card before reading from top (largest print) to bottom (smallest print). This tests for _______

A

near visual acuity

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28
Q

Near vision is assessed in clients over 40 years of age by holding the pocket screener _______or newspaper print 14 in from the eye

A

Jaeger test

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29
Q

________(impaired near vision) is indicated when the client moves the chart away from the eyes to focus on the print. It is caused by decreased accommodation.

A

Presbyopia

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30
Q

Normal near visual acuity is ____ (with or without corrective lenses).

A

14/14

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31
Q

Position yourself approximately 2 ft away from the client at eye level. Have the client cover the left eye while you cover your right eye. Look directly at each other with your uncovered eyes. Next, fully extend your left arm at midline and slowly move one finger (or a pencil) upward from below until the client sees your finger (or pencil). Test the remaining three visual fields of the client’s right eye (i.e., superior, temporal, and nasal). Repeat the test for the opposite eye. This tests for _____

A

gross peripheral vision/confrontation test

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32
Q

Test where you hold a grid 14 to 16 inches from eyes, focus on dot in center and answer questions.

A

Amsler Grid

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33
Q

The _______ test assesses parallel alignment of the eyes. Hold a penlight approximately 12 in from the client’s face. Shine the light toward the bridge of the nose while the client stares straight ahead. Note the light reflected on the corneas.

A

Corneal light reflex test

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34
Q

_________detects deviation in alignment or strength and slight deviations in eye movement by interrupting the fusion reflex that normally keeps the eyes parallel.

A

cover test

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35
Q

Ask the client to stare straight ahead and focus on a distant object. Cover one of the client’s eyes with an opaque card. As you cover the eye, observe the uncovered eye for movement. Now remove the opaque card and observe the previously covered eye for any movement. This is what you do in the _____

A

cover test

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36
Q

The reflection of light on the corneas should be in the exact same spot on each eye, which indicates ____alignment.

A

parallel

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37
Q

The uncovered eye should remain fixed straight ahead. The covered eye should remain______straight ahead after being uncovered.

A

fixed

38
Q

The ______assesses eye muscle strength and cranial nerve function.

A

cardinal fields of gaze test (EOM’s)

39
Q

Instruct the client to focus on an object you are holding (approximately 12 in from the client’s face). Move the object through the six cardinal positions of gaze in a clockwise direction, and observe the client’s eye movements. This is the _____

A

cardinal fields of gaze test

40
Q

Eye movement should be smooth and symmetric throughout all _____ directions.

A

6

41
Q

You can test for Extraocular muscle Functions

A

Corneal Light Reflex
Cover Test
Cardinal Fields of Gaze (EOMs)

42
Q

You inspect and ______ and _____by pulling down the lower eyelid

A

conjunctiva; sclera

43
Q

Sclera should be _______; _______is free of swelling, foreign bodies, or trauma.

A

white; palpebral conjunctiva

44
Q

Used to Inspect the internal eye and observe the red reflex

A

opthalmoscope

45
Q

The optic disk should be:

A

oval, creamy yellow-orange

46
Q

Retinal vessels should have:

A

bright red, thin lines

47
Q

The retinal background should be:

A

red orange in color

48
Q

Macula should be:

A

small darkened area-temporal to disk

49
Q

Look at ____ last

A

macula

50
Q

Refers to a false appearance of eye misalignment caused by an optical illusion

A

pseudostrabismus

51
Q

Turning inward of eye

A

esotropia

52
Q

Turning outward of eye

A

exotropia

53
Q

The margin of the lower lid is turned outward exposing the palpebral conjunctiva

A

ectropion

54
Q

Drooping of the upper lid, with causes like Myasthenia Gravis and Horner’s syndrome

A

Ptosis

55
Q

Appears as a white arc around the limbus. The condition has no effect on vision.

A

Arcus senilis

56
Q

Swelling around the eyes

A

Periorbital Edema

57
Q

Bleeding underneath the conjunctiva

A

Subconjunctival Hemmorrhage

58
Q

________ is when the lens loses its ability to adjust for vision changes to look closely- decreased ability to read

A

Presbyopia

59
Q

During aging, you need more light to read and visualize, have increased sensitivity to _____, decreased in _____ vision, produce fewer _______ secretions, ____ smaller

A

glare; peripheral; lacrimal; pupils

60
Q

Clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye

A

Cataracts

61
Q

A group of eye conditions that cause blindness

A

Glaucoma

62
Q

Causes loss in the center of field of vision

A

Macular Degeneration

63
Q

Inward turning of the lid margin

A

Entropion

64
Q

A wide eyed stare suggests _____

A

lid retraction

65
Q

When the eyeball protrudes forward

A

Exophthalmos

66
Q

A thin grayish white arc or circle not quite at the edge of the cornea

A

Corneal Arcus

67
Q

A superficial grayish white opacity in the cornea, secondary to an old injury or inflammation

A

Corneal scar

68
Q

A triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea, usually from the nasal side; reddening may occur too.

A

Pterygium

69
Q

Opacities of the lenses visible through the pupil; most common in old age

A

Cataracts

70
Q

Looks gray when seen with a flashlight; through an ophthalmoscope it will look black against the red reflux

A

Nuclear cataract

71
Q

Produces spoke-like shadows that point inward; gray against black when seen with a flashlight or black against red with an ophthalmoscope

A

peripheral cataract

72
Q

Pupil is large, regular, and usually unilateral. Reaction to light is severely reduced and slowed, or even absent

A

Tonic Pupil/Adie’s Pupil

73
Q

The dilated pupil is fixed to light and near effort; Ptosis of upper eyelid and lateral devotion of eye almost always present

A

Oculomotor Nerve Paralysis (CN III)

74
Q

Affected pupil reacts briskly to light and near effort. Ptosis present, perhaps with loss of sweating on forehead.

A

Horner’s Syndrome

75
Q

Condition where pupils accommodate but do not react to light

A

Small, irregular pupils

76
Q

A light directed into a seeing eye produces a direct reaction in that eye and a _____ reaction in the blind eye

A

consensual

77
Q

A light directed in the blind eye causes _____ response in either eye

A

no

78
Q

Unequal pupils

A

Aniscoria

79
Q

When aniscoria is greater in bright light than dim light, the ______ pupil cannot _____ properly

A

larger; constrict

80
Q

When aniscoria is greater in dim light, the _____ pupil cannot _____ properly

A

smaller; dilate

81
Q

Unilateral blindness does not cause aniscoria as long as _____ and ____ innervation to both irises is normal

A

sympathetic; parasympathetic

82
Q

Eye strain that develops after reading, computer work etc

A

Asthenopia

83
Q

Abnormal football shaped curvature of cornea that prevents light from focusing on the retina; images appear blurred

A

Astigmatism

84
Q

Nearsightedness; can only see objects up close but not far

A

Myopia

85
Q

Farsightedness; Can only see distant objects clearly but not up close

A

Hyperopia

86
Q

Farsightedness caused by loss of elasticity not the lens of the eye

A

Presbyopia

87
Q

Pupils that are in the _____ or slightly dilated (4-6mm) and are ______ to light suggest structural damage in midbrain

A

mid position; fixed

88
Q

A pupil that is _____ and ____warns of herniation of the temporal lobe, causing compression of the oculomotor nerve and midbrain.

A

fixed; dilated

89
Q

Bilaterally _____ and ____ pupils may be due to severe anoxia snd its effects after cardiac arrest.

A

fixed and dilated

90
Q

Bilaterally _______ pupils may be due to cocaine, LSD or other sympathetic nervous system agonists.

A

large reactive

91
Q

Bilaterally ____ pupils (1-2.5mm) suggest damage to sympathetic pathways in the hypothalamus or metabolic encephalopathy

A

small

92
Q

______ pupils (<1mm) suggest hemorrhage in pons or effect of morphine, heroine or other narcotics

A

pinpoint

Health Assessment (6 decks)

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