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VETM 522 > Head & Neck > Flashcards

Head & Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Aural Hematoma: Cats or dogs or both

A

Dogs> Cats

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2
Q

Aural Hematoma: Cx

A

Head shaking; Enlarged and inflammed ear

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3
Q

Aural Hematoma: Common presentation

A

Dogs shaking their heads; Have an underlying condition

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4
Q

Aural Hematoma: etiology

A

Inflammation causes skin to separate from cartilage; blood accumulates in cavity; fibrosis

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5
Q

Aural Hematoma: Dx

A

C/S and apperance

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6
Q

Aural Hematoma: Treatment

A

Treat underlying condition - atopy, otitis; Sx cx: Serpentine cut of partial thickness and staggered sutures

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7
Q

Aural Hematoma: Prognosis

A

Mostly resolves

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8
Q

Inflammatory polyp: Cats or dogs or both

A

Cats > Dogs

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9
Q

Inflammatory polyp: Cx

A

Head shaking; Otitis externa; Otitis media; Nasal discharge; Snoring (stertor); Reverse sneezing; Sneezing

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10
Q

Inflammatory polyp: Common presentation

A

Young cats (1.5 yo average); Horner’s Syndrome; Vestibular disease; Chronic otitis media

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11
Q

Inflammatory polyp: Classic lesion

A

Pedunculated: non-neoplastic mass in ear canal and nasopharynx; must check to see w/ tympanium; Nasopharyngeal polyp: Soft palate

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12
Q

Inflammatory polyp: Dx

A

Imaging: CT; Endoscope; Histopath

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13
Q

Inflammatory polyp: Treatment

A

Simple traction/avulsion + NSAIDs; Open SX removal via ventral bullae osteotomy (Cats have a mid-ear septum that you need to break; you don’t fuck around with the external ear)

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14
Q

Inflammatory polyp: Complications

A

Horner’s Syndrome; Vestibular disease; Deafness; Wound drainage/hemorrhage; Vasoglossal nerve damage; Chronic otitis media

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15
Q

End Stage Otitis Externa: Cats or dogs or both

A

Dog > Cats

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16
Q

End Stage Otitis Externa: Cx

A

External ear hyperplastic, mineralized and stenotic; +/- discharge; Animal feels pain upon opening mouth; Check all LNs

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17
Q

End Stage Otitis Externa: Common presentation

A

Dog with chronic ear infection

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18
Q

End Stage Otitis Externa: Classic lesion

A

Bulla can change and inflammation can affect the TMJ; Chronic infection could transform into neoplasia

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19
Q

End Stage Otitis Externa: Dx

A

Allaergy assessment; Neoplasia staging; FNA; Head CT

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20
Q

End Stage Otitis Externa: Treatment

A

Zepp; Vertical Canal Ablation; TECA-BO (Sx of choice)

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21
Q

End Stage Otitis Externa: Prognosis and complication

A

Zepp (Ongoing otitis externa; lack of patency); Vertical Canal Ablation (stenosis, infection, dehisce); TECA-BO (recurrent deep infection)

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22
Q

Zepp

A

Removes small tumor in the horizontal canal

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23
Q

Vertical Canal Ablation

A

Use to treat disease located exclusively in vertical canal (need imaging)

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24
Q

TECA-BO (Total Ear Canal Ablation and Lateral Bullae Osteotomy)

A

Surgery of choice; Used for irreversible ear disease or severe compromise of the ear canal; extremely painful so pre, peri and post-op pain management is essential

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25
Q

Sialocele: Cats or dogs or both

A

Dogs > Cats

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26
Q

Sialocele: Cx

A

Swelling in the cranioventral cervical region; Acute or chronic onset

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27
Q

Sialocele: Common presentation

A

Daschunds commonly develop Sialoceles

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28
Q

Sialocele: Classic lesion location

A

Zygomatic; Submandibular (most common) either a Ranula or Pharyngeal Sialocele; Sublingual => Trauma; Neoplasia or Sialoliths can lead to blockage and accumulation of fluid

29
Q

Sialocele: Dx

A

FNA (Saliva consistency –> highly diagnostic)

30
Q

Sialocele: Treatment

A

Drainage (just drainage can lead to an abscess) and Sx excision; For pharyngeal sialoceles, lance or marsupialize

31
Q

Sialocele: Prognosis and complication

A

100% recovery with surgical removal

32
Q

Ranula

A

Blocked salivary gland duct leads to formation of cystic structure under the tongue

33
Q

Pharyngeal sialocele

A

Accumulation of saliva in the submandibular gland

34
Q

Sialoecel: Treatment complications

A

Seroma (dead space); Potential infection if not all tissue is removed; Sublingual swelling

35
Q

Palate defects: Cats or dogs or both

A

Both

36
Q

Palate defects: Cx

A

Coughing; Gagging; Nasal discharge; Can’t suckle well; Unthrifty

37
Q

Palate defects: Common presentation

A

Puppy or kitten that is unthrifty and not suckling well (can ba acquired)

38
Q

Palate defects: Classic lesion

A

Space between the two halves of the hard palate

39
Q

Palate defects: Dx

A

Oral exam

40
Q

Palate defects: Treatment

A

If congenital, wait 3-4 mo; if acquired, wait until injury mainfests; Sx correction: use a flap (e.g. overlapping flap; bipedicle flap) of well-vascularized tissue + no tension

41
Q

Palate defects: Prognosis and complication

A

Prognosis is good with treatment

42
Q

Oral-nasal fistula: Cats or dogs or both

A

Both

43
Q

Oral-nasal fistula: Cx

A

Ongoing rhinitis; Oronasal infections

44
Q

Oral-nasal fistula: Common presentation

A

N/A

45
Q

Oral-nasal fistula: etiology

A

Bad extraction of maxillary canines; appears weeks later

46
Q

Oral-nasal fistula: Dx

A

N/A

47
Q

Oral-nasal fistula: Treatment

A

Lavage and close

48
Q

Feline Hyperthyroidism: Cats or dogs or both

A

Cats

49
Q

Feline Hyperthyroidism: Cx

A

Benign thyroid enlargement; Polyphagia; Weight loss; PUPD; Activity and restlessness; GI Distress

50
Q

Feline Hyperthyroidism: Common presentation

A

Older meow meow

51
Q

Feline Hyperthyroidism: Classic lesion

A

Heart (HCM) and kidneys (renal disease) most impacted;

52
Q

Feline Hyperthyroidism: Dx

A

Based on c/s, bloodwork, and can do imaging of thyroid area

53
Q

Feline Hyperthyroidism: Treatment

A

Radioactive iodine; Methimazole; Thyroid diet

54
Q

Feline Hyperthyroidism: Prognosis and complication

A

Good if properly treated and controlled

55
Q

Canine Thyroid Tumor: Cats or dogs or both

A

Dogs

56
Q

Canine Thyroid Tumor: lesion

A

Firm ventral, cervical mass (maligannt thooo) +/- bilateral

57
Q

Canine Thyroid Tumor: Common presentation

A

Older dawgs

58
Q

Canine Thyroid Tumor: Classic lesion

A

Locally invasive, typically malignant neoplasia

59
Q

Canine Thyroid Tumor: Dx

A

Biopsy (not tru-cut or keyhole); FNA; Advanced imaging (CT, MRI)

60
Q

Canine Thyroid Tumor: Treatment

A

Unilateral Sx excision of affected thyroid;

61
Q

Canine Thyroid Tumor: Prognosis and complication

A

Hypothyroidism; Laryngeal Paralysis; Megaesophagus; Greater mass mobility suggest a better prognosis; Benign mass = better prognosis

62
Q

Canine Hyperparathyroidism: Cats or dogs or both

A

Dogs

63
Q

Canine Hyperparathyroidism: Cx

A

Hematuria; Stranguria; Pollakuria

64
Q

Canine Hyperparathyroidism: Common presentation

A

Dog presents w/ urinary straining;

65
Q

Canine Hyperparathyroidism: Classic lesion

A

N/A

66
Q

Canine Hyperparathyroidism: Dx

A

CBC, Chem and UA: Elevated Ca and calcium oxalate +/- UTI; Elevated nized calcium, elevated PTH; US to identify nodules

67
Q

Canine Hyperparathyroidism: Treatment

A

Sx excision of nodes;

68
Q

Canine Hyperparathyroidism: Prognosis and complication

A

Monitor for hypocalcemia; Excellent prognosis overall

VETM 522 (11 decks)

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