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Y2 Practice Qs > Head & Neck > Flashcards

Head & Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Most likely causative organism in otitis externa?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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2
Q

What do the vagus nerve NOT do?

A

Sensory to middle ear and oropharynx (glossopharyngeal)

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3
Q

What DOES the vagus nerve do?

A

Motor to soft palate, larynx and pharynx

Parasympathetic innervation to muscle of stomach and conduction system of heart

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4
Q

Parasympathetic functions of oculomotor?

A

Innervation of the ciliary body and sphincter pupillae

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5
Q

Which branches of the facial nerve arise in the petrous part of the temporal bone?

A

Greater petrosal, chorda tympani and nerve to stapedius

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6
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve NOT do?

A

Motor to soft palate

Sensory to larynx and laryngopharynx (vagus)

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7
Q

What DOES the glossopharyngeal nerve do? (give one motor, one sensory and one parasympathetic)

A

Motor to stylopharyngeus
Sensory from carotid body and sinus
Parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland

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8
Q

Patient signs - failure of lacrimation (greater petrosal nerve), hyperacusis due to paralysis of stapedius (nerve to stapedius) , loss of taste sensation (chorda tympani) and paralysis of muscles of facial expression. Where is the lesion?

A

IAM - facial nerve has not given off its branches at this point

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9
Q

What does somatic sensation from the external ear?

A

Cervical nerve C2, Vagus, Mandibular division of trigeminal

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10
Q

How do you straighten the EAM for otoscopy?

A

Pull ear back and up

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11
Q

Contents of carotid sheath?

A

Internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, vagus nerve

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12
Q

What structures do the pre tracheal and buccopharyngeal fascia not encompass?

A

SCM and suprahyoids

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13
Q

What branch of the trigeminal carries motor fibres to muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular

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14
Q

Give some of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve

A

Muscles of facial expression eg platysma, orbicularis oris and oculi, occipitofrontalis

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15
Q

What are the deep cervical lymph nodes?

A

Jugulo-digastric, jugulo-omohyoid, and supraclavicular

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16
Q

How does cerebral venous blood drain to get to the major veins?

A

Confluence of sinuses - transverse sinus - sigmoid sinus- internal jugular vein

17
Q

What nerve lesion would cause numbness on the right side of the chin and lower lip?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve

18
Q

Next steps if squeezing the nose doesn’t work for epistaxis after 30 mins?

A

Cautery, then packing if cautery doesnt work

19
Q

Which lymph node would you examine if suspected SCC of lower lip?

A

Submental

20
Q

Direct pupillary light reflex

A

Light detected by photoreceptors in retina - optic nerve - pre tectal nucleus in midbrain - Edinger westphal nucleus in brainstem - paraympathetic fibres carried on oculomotor nerve - sphincter pupillae muscle

21
Q

Tests for optic nerve function

A

pupillary light reflexes and visual field tests

22
Q

What function does the macula serve?

A

Provides highest acuity vision

23
Q

Lung cancers can cause ectopic secretion of what 3 substances?

A

ACTH- Cushing’s
ADH- SIADH
PTH-rp - hypercalcaemia

24
Q

Malignancy associated with asbestos?

A

Malignant mesothelioma

25
Q

Signs/symptoms of phayngeal cancer

A

Dysphagia, odynophagia, neck lump secondary to cervical mets

26
Q

Most likely thryoid cancer?

A

Papillary adenocarcinoma

27
Q

Innervation to muscles of eyelid?

A

Sympathetics, facial nerve, oculomotor nerve

28
Q

The conjuctiva does NOT line…

A

Cornea and lens

29
Q

Diplopia which is worse on downwards gaze is most likely due to what?

A

Trochelar nerve damage

30
Q

Compression of what can cause facial oedema?

A

SVC

31
Q

Difference between Acute Labrynthitis and Menieres disease?

A

AL- ALl of the inner ear is involved, lasts ALl week long (mutliple days)
Meniere’s- much shorter (30 mins- a day)

32
Q

Name the two types of autonomic outflow from the CNS

A

Sympathetic: ‘thoracolumbar outflow’

  • Parasympathetic: ‘craniosacral outflow’
33
Q

What nerve does pharyngeal constriction during swallowing?

A

Vagus

34
Q

How do enlarged lymph nodes feel on palpation for different presentations?

A

Infection - tender and mobile

Malignancy:
Mets- hard, matted, non-tender
Lymphoma (YAs)- rubbery, mobile, fast growing

35
Q

Causes of midline neck lumps?

A

Lymph nodes

Thyroid (goitre)- moves when swallow

Cysts:

  • Thyroglossal duct cyst (younger kids, congenital, moves when protrude tongue)
  • Dermoid cyst
36
Q

Causes of lateral neck lumps?

A

Lymph nodes

Branchial cysts ( congenital)

Salivary glands- blocked duct or cancer

Y2 Practice Qs (8 decks)

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