Head/Face/Anterior Neck

Question 1

Temporalis

Answer 1

Origin: bone of temporal fossa

Insertion: ramus of mandible

Innervation: mandibular nerve (V3)

Function: bilateral elevation; ipsilateral excursion

Question 2

Masseter

Answer 2

Origin: zygomatic arch of the zygomatic bone

Insertion: ramus of mandible

Innervation: mandibular nerve (V3)

Function: bilateral elevation; ipsilateral excursion

Question 3

Lateral pterygoid

Answer 3

Origin: upper head - greater wing of sphenoid bone; lower head - lateral pterygoid plate

Insertion: upper - temporomandibular joint; lower - mandible

Innervation: mandibular nerve (V3)

Function: depression, protrusion, and contralateral excursion of mandible

Question 4

Medial Pterygoid

Answer 4

Origin: deep head - medial pterygoid plate, superficial head - maxilla

Insertion: mandible near angle

Innervation: mandibular nerve (V3)

Function: elevation, protrusion, and contralateral excursion of mandible

Question 5

Digastric

Answer 5

Origin: anterior - mandible, posterior - mastoid process of temporal bone

Insertion: hyoid bone

Innervation: anterior - mandibular nerve (V3); posterior - facial nerve

Function: anterior - open mouth by lowering mandible; raises hyoid bone; posterior - pulls hyoid bone upward and back

Question 6

Mylohyoid

Answer 6

Origin: mandible

Insertion: hyoid bone

Innervation: mandibular nerve (V3)

Function: support and elevation of floor of mouth; elevation of hyoid

Question 7

Geniohyoid

Answer 7

Origin: mandible

Insertion: hyoid bone

Innervation: branches from anterior ramus of C1

Function: fixed mandible elevates and pulls hyoid bone forward; fixed hyoid bone pulls mandible downward and inward

Question 8

Stylohyoid

Answer 8

Origin: styloid process of temporal bone

Insertion: hyoid bone

Innervation: facial nerve (VII)

Function: pulls hyoid bone upward in a posteriosuperior direction

Question 9

Sternohyoid

Answer 9

Origin: manubrium and SC joint

Insertion: hyoid bone

Innervation: anterior rami of C1 to C3 through the ansa cervicalis

Function: depresses hyoid bone after swallowing

Question 10

Omyhyoid

Answer 10

Origin: superior border of scapula

Insertion: hyoid bone

Innervation: anterior rami of C1-3 through ansa cervicalis

Function: depresses and fixes hyoid bone

Question 11

Sternothyroid

Answer 11

Origin: manubrium

Insertion: thyroid cartilage

Innervation: anterior rami of C1-3 through the ansa cervicalis

Function: draws larynx (thyroid cartilage) down

Question 12

Thyrohyoid

Answer 12

Origin: thyroid cartilage

Insertion: hyoid bone

Innervation: fibers from anterior ramus of C1 carried along hyoglossal nerve (XII)

Function: depresses hyoid bone; when hyoid is fixed, raises larynx

Question 13

Cricothyroid

Answer 13

Origin: cricoid cartilage

Insertion: thyroid cartilage

Innervation: vagus nerve (X)

Function: forward and downward rotation of the thyroid cartilage at the cricothyroid joint