Cervical

Question 1

Splenius Capitus

Answer 1

Origin: spinous process of C7-T4 and ligamentum nuchae

Insertion: mastoid process, skull below superior nuchal line

Innervation: posterior rami of middle cervical nerves

Function: head extension (bilaterally) and ipsilateral rotation of the head (unilaterally)

Question 2

Splenius cervicus

Answer 2

Origin: spinous process T3-T6

Insertion: transverse process C1-C3

Innervation: posterior rami of middle cervical nerves

Function: neck extension (bilaterally) and ipsilateral rotation of the neck (unilaterally)

Question 3

Rectus capitis posterior major

Answer 3

Origin: C2 spinous process

Insertion: occiput

Innervation: posterior rami of C1

Function: head extension, ipsilateral rotation of head

Question 4

Rectus capitis posterior minor

Answer 4

Origin: posterior tubercle of atlas C1

Insertion: occiput

Innervation: posterior rami of C1

Function: head extension

Question 5

Oblique capitis inferior

Answer 5

Origin: spinous process of axis C2

Insertion: transverse process of atlas (C1)

Innervation: posterior ramus of C1

Function: ipsilateral rotation of neck

Question 6

Oblique capitis superior

Answer 6

Origin: transverse process of atlas (C1)

Insertion: occiput

Innervation: posterior ramus of C1

Function: head extension and ipsilateral flexion

Question 7

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 7

Origin: sternal head - manubrium of sternum; clavicular head - superior 1/3 of clavicle

Insertion: sternal head - lateral half of superior nuchal line; clavicular head - lateral mastoid process

Innervation: sternal head - accessory nerve 11 and branches of anterior rami C2-C3

Function: ipsilateral flexion and neck contralateral rotation (individually), neck flexion and head extension (bilaterally)

Question 8

Trapezius

Answer 8

Origin: upper fibers - superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, middle fibers - spinous process of C7-T4, lower fibers - spinous process of T5-T12

Insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Innervation: motor - accessory nerve 11, proprioception - C3-4

Function: scapular upward rotation during arm elevation, upper fibers adduct, lower fibers depress the scapula; cervical extension (bilateral) and cervical contralateral rotation and ipsilateral lateral flexion (unilateral)

Question 9

Levator Scapula

Answer 9

Origin: transverse process of C1-C4

Insertion: medial border of scapula

Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C3-4)

Function: elevation of scapula, cervical extension (bilateral), cervical ipsilateral rotation and lateral flexion (unilateral)

Question 10

Scalenes

Answer 10

Origin: middle - transverse process of C2-C7, anterior - anterior tubercles of transverse process C3-C6, posterior - posterior tubercles of vertebrae C4-C6

Insertion: middle - upper surface of rib 1 and 2, anterior - scalene tubercle and upper surface of rib 1, posterior upper surface of rib 2

Innervation: middle - anterior rami of C3-C8, anterior - anterior rami of C4-C7, posterior - anterior rami of C5-C7

Function: anterior/middle - rib 1 elevation, posterior/middle - rib 2 elevation, all: respiration/coughing

Question 11

Longus coli

Answer 11

Origin: vertical - vertebral bodies C5-T3, superior - transverse processes of C3-C5, inferior - bodies of vertebrae T1-T3

Insertion: vertical - bodies of vertebrae C2-C4, superior - anterior tubercle of atlas, inferior - anterior tubercles and transverse processes of C5-C6

Innervation: branches of anterior rami C2-C6

Function: flexes the neck

Question 12

Longus capitis

Answer 12

Origin: transverse processes of C3-C6

Insertion: basilar part of occipital bone

Innervation: branches of anterior rami C1-C3

Function: head flexion

Question 13

Rectus capitis anterior

Answer 13

Origin: anterior atlas and transverse processes

Insertion: basilar part of occipital bone

Innervation: branches of anterior rami C1-C2

Function: flexes the head at the atlanto-occipital joint

Question 14

Platysma

Answer 14

Origin: superficial fascia of thorax

Insertion: mandible

Innervation: cervical branch of fascial nerve 7

Function: tenses the skin of the neck and can move the lower lip and corners of the mouth down

Question 15

Subclavius

Answer 15

Origin: 1st rib between rib and costal cartilage

Insertion: groove on inferior clavicle

Innervation: nerve to subclavius

Function: pulls tip of shoulder down, pulls clavicle medially to stabilize SC joint; respiration