Head Face and Neck Slide questions Flashcards
What is another name for the ear?
auricular
What is the eye called?
Orbital
What is nose called?
Nasal
What is the cheek called?
Bucccal
What is another name for the chin?
Mental
What is the posterior neck called?
Nuchal
What is the Cranial region made up of?
Frontal, Temporal and occipital
What is another name for the eyebrow?
Superciliary arch
What is another name for the eyelid?
Palpebra(superior and inferior)
What is the area between the nose and upper lip called?
Philtrum
What is the outside of the nostril called?
Ala Nasi
How many seperate bones make up the skull?
28
What are the names of the groups of bones that make up the skull?
Auditory ossicles, Cranium(cranial vault and facial bones), Sutures
How many bones make up the auditory ossicles?
6
How many bones make up the cranial vault?
8
How many bones make up the facial bones?
14
How many sutures are there?
4
What are the names of the 4 sutures?
Sagittal, coronal, lambdoidal and squamous
What are three parts to the hyoid bone?
Greater cornu, lesser cornu and body
How does the hyoid bone assist in speech and swallowing?
It provides point of attachment for muscles that elevate and tongue muscles
How many cranial nerves are there?
12
What are the cranial nerves?
Olfactory, Optic, oculomotor, Trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharangeal, Vagus, Accessory and Hypoglossal
What is the function of Olfactory?
Smell
What is the function of Optic?
Vision
What is the function of oculomotor?
moves eye up, down, medially, raises upper eyelid, constricts pupil, adjusts the shape of the lens of the eye
What is the function of the Trochlear nerve?
Moves eye medially and down
What is the function of trigeminal?
chewing and sensations from TMJ and facial sensation
What is the function of Abducens?
Abducts eye
What is the function of the Facial nerve?
muscles of facial expression, closes eye, tears, salivation and taste
What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
sensation of head position relative to gravity and head movement: hearing
What is the function of the glossopharangeal nerve
swallowing, salivation and taste
What is the function of the vagus nerve
regulates viscera, swallowing, speech and taste
What is the function of the Accessory nerve
Elevate shoulders and turns head
What is the function of the Hypoglossal nerve
moves tongue
What are the muscles of facial expression?
Frontalis, Obicularis oculi, Nasalis, Obicularis oris, Levator Labii superioris, Platysma, Mentalis, Buccinator, Zygomatic major, Zygomatic minor, Risorius and Depressor anguli oris
What nerve innervates the facial expression muscles?
Cranial Nerve VII(AKA Facial nerve)
What is the name of the disorder that affects cranial nerve VII?
Bell’s Palsy
What are the muscles of Mastication
Masseter, Temporalis, Medial and Lateral Pterygoids
What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?
Cranial Nerve V(AKA trigeminal)
What Branch of the Trigeminal nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?
V3- also known as Mandibular branch)
What are the names of the branches of the Trigeminal nerve?
V1=Opthalamic
V2=Maxillary
V3=Mandibular
What gland does the Facial nerve pierce through but DOES NOT innervate?
Parotid Gland
What is the largest salivary gland?
Parotid Gland
What muscle will the Parotid duct pierce thru?
Buccinator
What are the sympathetic fibers of the Parotid gland innervated by?
cervical ganglia
What are the parasympathetic fibers innervated by?
Glossoparangeal and Greater auricular(C2,C3)
What artery supplies the face( facial and temporals branch from this)
External carotid artery
What is the name of the artery that throbs when people get angry?
Superficial Temproal artery
What does the carotid body do?
senses changes in blood pH, influences respiration
What does the carotid sinus do?
fills with blood and mechanoreceptor detects blood pressure
What is the Tarsal Plate?
where the eyelashes begin to emerge
What does the punctum do?
pulls tears into the lacrimal canals
Where do the canals go?
empty into lacrimal sac
Where is the lacrimal gland located?
Superior lateral border of orbit
where does the lacrimal duct open into?
nasolacrimal duct
why does a person’s nose run when they cry
tears are draining into nasolacrimal duct and thinning out mucus
What two structures of the eye make up the fibrous tunic
outer sclera and cornea
What three eye structures make up the vascular tunic
choroid, iris and ciliary body
what makes up the nervous tunic
retina
Describe the posterior chamber of the eye
has aqueous humor, also has vitreous body which consist of vitreous humor(majority of cavity is this),
Describe the Anterior Chamber of the eye
between the cornea and iris and has aqueous humor
What happens when people have blood shot eyes
the choroid layer has become inflammed
Where does humor come from
blood
What is responsible for filtering blood to make humor
Ciliary body
Where is the place of highest focus
Fovae Centralis
What is the most highly nervous area of the eye
Retina
What are the features of the sclera
white outer layer, maintains shape of eye, provides attachments for muscles that move eye
What are features of the cornea
avascular, transparent and permits light to enter eye
What is the colored portion of the eye
iris
What are features of the ciliary body
secreates aqueous humor and ciliary muscles
What are the features of the retina
responds to light, rods and cones are here, macula lutea, fovea centralis, optic disc, blind spot
How many eye muscles are there and what are their names
6, superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique and inferior oblique
What is wet MD(macular degeneration)
blood covering macula lutea and fovea centralis
What nerve innervates Superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus and inferior oblique
Cranial nerve III
What nerve innervates Lateral rectus
cranial nerve VI
What nerve innervates Superior oblique
Cranial nerve IV
What are the actions of Superior Rectus
elevate, adduct and medially rotate
What are the actions of the Inferior Rectus
depresses adducts and medially rotates
What are the actions of the Medial rectus
adducts
What are actions of inferior oblique
elevates medially rotated eye, abducts and rotates laterally
What are the actions of superior oblique
depresses medially rotated eye, abducts and rotates medially
What are the actions of lateral rectus
abducts
What are the boundaries of the temporal fossa
roof: Temporalis fascia
Anterior: zygomatic process
Floor: pterion(of skull, connection between frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal)
Posterior: Supramastoid crest
What are the contents of the temporal fossa
temporalis muscle, deep temporal artery, deep temporal nerve, sperficial temporal artery and auriculotemporal nerve
What are the boundaries of the infratemporal fossa
Superior: zygomatic process
Lateral: Ramus of mandible
Medial: Pterygoid plate
Posterior: sphenoid bone
What are the nerves located in the infratemporal fossa
Mandibular, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal, chorda tympani nerves and otic ganglion
What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa
inferior portion of the temporalis muscle, lateral and medial pterygoid muscles, maxillary artery and nerves
What does the Maxillary artery feed
intermediate features of skull, muscles of facial expression and skin in some parts
What muscles act on the tempromandibular joint
temporal, masseter, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid, suprhyoid and infrahyoid muscles
What nerve innervates the lower lip
mandibular
what nerve innervates the upper lip
infraorbital
How many deciduous teeth are there
20
how many permanent teeth
32
how many premolars, molars, canaine and inscisors are there?
molars:6
Premolars:4
canaine:2
Inscisors:4
What is the blood supply to the upper and lower lips
maxillary artery
What are the four tongue muscles?
Genioglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus and palatoglossus
What is the innervation and action of Genioglossus
depress and protrude, CNXII
What is the innervation and action of the hypoglossus
depress and retract, CNXII
What is the innervation and action of styloglossus
retracts, CNXII
What is the innervation and acton of the palatoglossus
Elevates posterior portion, CN X
What are Papillae
taste buds
What are the four different papillae
vallate,foliate,filiform and fungiform
which papillae has no taste but sense where the tongue is in space
filiform
which papillae has lots of taste(sweet, sour, savory ect)
fungiform
where is the sublingual region located
under tongue
How many frenulum’s are there in the mouth
3, tongue,upper and lower
How many openings are there for salivary ducts
2, sublingual and submandibular
What is the deep lingual VAN important for
delivery of medication
What are the functions of the nose and nasal cavity
Olfaction, respiration, humidification of air, filtration of dust and reception of secretions
What are the external structures of the nose and nasal cavity
septal cartilage, vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid and anterior nares
Where does nasal muscosa air enter through
chonae(AKA posterior nares)
How many nasal chonae are there and what are their names
3, superior middle and inferior
Nasal cavity is divided into how many passages
4
What are the four nasal passages
superior meatus, middle meatus, inferior meatus and hiatus semilunaris
Where does the superior meatus lead
ethmoid sinus
Where does the middle meatus lead
frontal sinus
Where does the inferior meatus lead
nasolacrimal duct
What are the four areas of the anterior triangle of the neck
submental, submandibular, carotid and muscular
Where does the hiatus semlunaris lead
ethmoid sinus
where are the nasal passages located in relation to the nasal chonae
inbetween
What are the 2 areas of the posterior triangle of the neck
occipital and supraclavicular
What structure is more commonly called the adam’s apple
thyroid cartilage
What are the sensory nerves of the cervical plexus
lesser occipital nerve, greater auricular, transverse cervical and supraclavicular
What muscles does the ansa cervicalis innervate
infrahyoid muscles
What are the motor nerves of the cervical plexus
roots of phrenic nerve, ansa cervicalis, dorsal scapular and long thoracic nerve
Where can you find the phrenic nerve
running anterior to the anterior scalene muscle
What is the stylohyoid innervated by
cranial nerve VII
What is the action and innervation of the mylohyoid muscle
elevate hyoid and cranial nerve V(V3)
What is the anterior digastric muscle innervated by
Cranial nerve V-V3
What is the posterior digastric innervated by
Cranial nerve VII
What is the action of the digastric muscle
opens jaw when temporalis muscle is relaxed
In general what is the action of the suprahyoid muscles
elevate
In general what is the action of the infrahyoid muscles
depress
What is a common anomaly with the anterior scalene and brachial plexus
the brachial plexus will pass through the anterior scalene instead of behind it
What can you find in the carotid sheath
common carotid artery, internal jugular vein
Which nerve passes posteriorly to the artery and vein in the coratid sheath
vagus nerve
Where does the hypoglossal nerve run
under digastric and mylohyoid
What does the external jugular vein connect with
subclavian vein
What are the branches of the aorta
Brachiocephalic, left subclavian and left common carotid artery
What side is the brachiocephalic artery on
Right
What does the brachiocephalic branch into
right subclavian and right common carotid artery
What are the branches of the subclavian artery
thyrocervical trunk, vertebral,costocervical runk, internal thoracic and dorsal scapular
Which branch feeds the thyroid cartilage and cervical region
thyrocervical trunk
What two arteries feed the brain
vertebral and common carotid
What are the two branches of the common carotid artery
internal and external
What are the branches of the external artery
Facial,occipital, maxillary and lingual
