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Anatomy > Head and Neck - The Bony Skull and Scalp > Flashcards

Head and Neck - The Bony Skull and Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common joint between most bones in the skull?

A

Fibrous suture joint

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2
Q

How is the skull divided?

A

Into 3 parts

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3
Q

What are the 3 parts of the skull?

A

Neurocranium, viscera- cranium (facial skull) and mandible

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4
Q

What are the 3 parts of a skull bone?

A

Periosteum, compact cortical bone, cancellous dipole (spongy bone)

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5
Q

What are the 8 bones of the cranium?

A

1 frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, occipital

2 parietal, temporal

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6
Q

Name the 4 sutures of the skull.

A

Sagittal, coronal, lambdoid, squamous

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7
Q

Where is the sagittal suture between?

A

2 parietal bones

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8
Q

Where is the coronal suture between?

A

Parietal bones and frontal bone

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9
Q

Where is the lambdoid suture between?

A

Parietal bones and occipital bone

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10
Q

Where is the squamous suture between?

A

Parietal bone and temporal bone

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11
Q

What do the bones of the facial skeleton give attachment to?

A

Muscles of tongue, mastication and pharynx

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12
Q

What are the 14 facial bones?

A

2 nasal, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, maxilla, palatine, zygomatic
1 vomer, mandible

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13
Q

What are the bony prominences of the skull?

A

Occipital protuberance, mastoid process, zygomatic arch, styloid process, occipital condyles

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14
Q

What is the occipital protuberance?

A

Bump at the back of the head and is part of the occipital bone

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15
Q

What bone is the mastoid process part of?

A

Temporal bone

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16
Q

What is the zygomatic arch?

A

Cheek bone and is part of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone

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17
Q

What bone is the styloid process part of?

A

Temporal bone

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18
Q

What is the occipital condyles?

A

Where head sits on atlas and is part of the occipital bone

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19
Q

What are the 3 fosse of the cranial cavity?

A

anterior, middle and posterior cranial fossae

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20
Q

What are the parts of the sphenoid bone?

A

The body, lesser/greater wings, lateral and medial pterygoid plates

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21
Q

On the floor of the skull looking from the inferior aspect, what can be seen?

A

Occipital condyles, mastoid and styloid processes, pterygoid plates of sphenoid bone, palatine bone

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22
Q

What is the foramen magnum?

A

Largest foramen in the posterior cranial fossa

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23
Q

What 2 structures pass through the foramen magnum?

A

Spina cord and R&L vertebral arteries

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24
Q

What is the role of air spaces?

A

Decrease the weight of the skull

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25
Q

What are the 3 bones that play a role in hearing?

A

Hammer/malleus
Anvil/incus
Stirrup/stapes

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26
Q

Where can the external auditory canal be seen?

A

On the outside without having to look inside the ear

27
Q

Where does the petrous part of the temporal bone lie?

A

Immediately inside the canal on the floor of the skull

28
Q

What is found within the petrous part of the temporal bone?

A

Ear ossicles

29
Q

Where does the scalp extend from and to?

A

Anteriorly: superciliary arches/supraorbital arches
Posteriorly: superior nuchal lines
Laterally: superior temporal bone

30
Q

What are the superior nuchal lines?

A

(Slightly) part of the occipital bone

31
Q

What 2 bones form the zygomatic arch?

A

Anteriorly: temporal process of zygomatic bone
Posteriorly: zygomatic process of temporal bone

32
Q

What type of joint is present between these 2 bones at the zygomatic arch?

A

Oblique suture/fibrous joint

33
Q

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

A 
S: skin
C: connective tissue
A: aponeurosis of the occipitofrontal muscle (epicranial aponeurosis)
L: loose connective tissue
P: periosteum
34
Q

What makes up the pericranium?

A

Periosteum, compact cortical bone, cancellous diploe

35
Q

What is the epicranial aponeurosis? (2 points to be made)

A

3rd layer of the scalp

Connects frontal and occipital bellies of occipitofrontalis muscle

36
Q

What is the action of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

A

It is a muscle of facial expression

On contraction of the anterior belly it raises the eyebrows

37
Q

What cranial nerve supplies the anterior part of the scalp (anterior to the auricle of the external ear)?

A

Trigeminal Nerve (Cr N V)

38
Q

What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Ophthalamic (V1), Maxillary (V2) and Mandibular (V3)

39
Q

What do the fibres of the ophthalmic nerve carry?

A

Purely sensory

40
Q

What do the fibres of the maxillary nerve carry?

A

Purely sensory

41
Q

What do the fibres in the mandibular nerve carry?

A

Sensory and motor

42
Q

What cranial spinal nerves supply the posterior half of the scalp (posterior to the auricle of the ear)?

A

Cutaneous branches of the anterior and posterior rami of the cervical spinal nerves C2 and C3

43
Q

What structure forms from the ventral rami of C5 to T1?

A

Brachial plexus

44
Q

What do the ventral roots of the spinal nerve carry?

A

Motor fibres

45
Q

What do the dorsal roots of the spinal nerve carry?

A

Sensory fibres

46
Q

What do the ventral and dorsal rami of the spinal nerves carry?

A

Both sensory and motor fibres

47
Q

Do they spinal nerves carry any parasympathetic fibres?

A

No

48
Q

What fibres could a cranial nerve carry?

A

Sensory, motor or parasympathetic fibres

Cranial nerves can carry a combination of these

49
Q

How do sympathetic fibres reach these regions supplied by cranial nerves?

A

Post-ganglionic fibres form the sympathetic chain from a plexus and hitch a ride with blood vessels

50
Q

What is general sensory?

A

Ordinary sensations: touch, temperature, pain etc

51
Q

What is special sensory?

A

Vision, hearing, taste

52
Q

In which layer of the scalp are blood vessels present?

A

2nd layer: connective tissue layer

53
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery that supply the scalp?

A

Superficial temporal artery, posterior auricular artery, occipital artery

54
Q

What are the branches of the internal carotid artery that supply the scalp?

A

Supratrochlear artery, supra-orbital artery (both branches from ophthalmic artery which is the first branch of ICA)

55
Q

Where can the pulse of the superficial temporal artery be felt?

A

In front of the tragus of the ear

56
Q

What veins drain the scalp?

A

Supraorbital, supratrochelar, facial, submental, anterior jugular, internal jugular, subclavian, external jugular, posterior auricular, superficial temporal

57
Q

Do the veins that drain the scalp anastomose with each other?

A

Yes

58
Q

What veins, apart from the veins that anastomose with each other, do the veins that drain the scalp anastomose with?

A

Diploic veins in the skull bones

59
Q

Through what veins is the blood drained to the venous sinuses of the brain?

A

Diploic veins and emissary veins

60
Q

What can emissary veins do?

A

Emissary veins can spread infection intracranially

61
Q

What is dipole?

A

Spongy cancellous bone separating the inner and outer layers of the cortical bone of the skull

62
Q

What potential grave complication could arise from scalp infections due to the presence of emissary veins?

A

Meningitis

63
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the scalp?

A

There is no lymph nodes in the scalp. Lymph drains away from scalp into lymph nodes of the head and neck

Anatomy (2 decks)

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