Head and neck relations

Question 1

State the anatomical relations of the middle ear cavity

Answer 1

Anterior- Eustachian tube and internal carotid artery
Inferior- Internal Jugular Vein
Posterior- Mastoid Air-Cells
Superior- Tegmen Tympanum Lateral Tympanic Membrane

Question 2

Name the following bony boundaries of the maxillary air- sinus

Answer 2

Superior -floor of the orbit
Medial- lateral wall of the nasal cavity
Lateral - body of maxilla
Inferior - alveolar process of maxilla

Question 3

Superior boundaries of the nasal cavity

Answer 3

1. Nasal bones
2. Nasal part of frontal bone
3. Cribriform plate (ethmoid bone)
4. Sphenoid bone

Question 4

Lateral Boundaries of the nasal cavity

Answer 4

1. Frontal process of maxillary bone
2. Perpendicular plate of palatine bone
3. Nasal part of lacrimal bone
4. Ethmoidal labyrinth
5. Medial plate of pterygoid process
6. Bone of inferior nasal concha

Question 5

Medial boundaries of the nasal cavity

Answer 5

1. Masal septumucous part
2. Cartilaginous part - Septal cartilage
3. Bony part - Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone & Vomer

Question 6

Inferior boundaries of the nasal cavity

Answer 6

1. Horizontal plate of palatine bone

2. Palatine process of maxilla

Question 7

Boundaries of the orbit

Answer 7

The roof is formed by the orbital plate of the frontal bone.

The floor is formed by the orbital plate of the maxilla. It contains the infraorbital groove for the infraorbital nerve (V2).

The medial wall is formed by the ethmoid posteriorly, the lacrimal bone anteriorly, the frontal bone above and the maxilla below. It is notable for the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina.

The lateral wall is formed by the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid posteriorly and the zygomatic bone anteriorly.

The apex of the orbit contains the optic canal as well as the superior and inferior orbital fissures.

The base of the orbit is closed by soft tissues - the eyelids and eyeball.