Head and Neck Pre-Practical

Question 1

Label the diagram

Answer 1

A - Deep cervical fascia

B - Prevertebral fascia

C - Pretracheal fascia

D - Carotid sheeth

Question 2

What do each of the compartments contain?

Answer 2

Deep cervical - surrounds the neck - send septa to delineate compartments

Prevertebral - muscle compartment

Pre-tracheal fascia - visceral compartment

Carotid sheeth - neurovascular compartment

Question 3

What composes the skull?

Answer 3

8 bones in the cranium and 14 bones in the facial skeleton

Question 4

What are the bones of the skull?

Answer 4

Question 5

What are the following anatomical landmarks of the skull?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the following foramen?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the folowing foramen?

Answer 7

Question 8

What are the following layers of the skull?

Answer 8

Question 9

What is the effect of connective tissue in the second layer?

Answer 9

Prevents vasocinstriction

Question 10

What is the name of the aponeurosis?

Answer 10

Aponeurosis of the occipitofrontalis muscle

Question 11

What is the name given to the veins that traverse the diploe?

Answer 11

Emissary veins

Question 12

What is the name given to the 5th cranial nerve?

Answer 12

Trigeminal nerve

Question 13

Which dermatomes are found infront of the red line?

Answer 13

Cranial nerve (CN) dermatomes, cervical nerves are found behind

Question 14

What are the types of fibres cranial nerves can carry?

Answer 14

Sensory

Motor

Parasympathetic

Question 15

What are the different types of sensory fibres that the cranial nerve carries?

Answer 15

• General sensory (ordinary sensations – touch, temperature, pain etc
• Special sensory ( vision/ hearing/ olfaction/ taste)

Olfaction: the action or capacity of smelling; the sense of smell.

Question 16

How do sympathetic fibres reach those regions supplied by cranial nerves?

Answer 16

Postganglionic fibres from the sympathetic chain form a plexus and hitch a ride with blood vessels.

Question 17

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 17

Question 18

What type of fibres does V1 contain? Ophthalmic division

Answer 18

Purely sensory

Question 19

What fibres does V2 contain? Maxillary division

Answer 19

Purely sensory

Question 20

What type of fibres does V3 contain?

Mandibular division

Answer 20

Sensory and motor

Question 21

Sensory innervation to the face and anterior part of the scalp is supplied by which nerve?

Answer 21

Branches of the trigeminal nerve

Question 22

What are the following face muscles?

Answer 22

Question 23

Which nerve is the facial nerve?

Answer 23

Cranial nerve 7

Question 24

What type of fibres does the facial nerve contain?

Answer 24

Contains motor fibres

Sensory fibres

Parasympathetic fibres

Question 25

Which foramen does the facial nerve emerge from?

Answer 25

Stylomastoid foramen - gives motor branches to muscle for facial expression

Question 26

Which structures pass through the parotid gland?

Answer 26

External carotid artery enters into the parotid to give off its terminal branches Retromandibular vein Facial nerve

Question 27

What is the name of the two triangles?

Answer 27

Question 28

What is contained within the carotid sheath?

Answer 28

Carotid arteries Internal jugular Vagus nerve

Question 29

Where do the right and left common carotid arteries arise from?

Answer 29

* Right side – arises from brachiocephalic artery * Left side – arises directly from arch of the aorta

Question 30

What does the ECA and the ICA supply?

Answer 30

ECA stays “external” and supplies neck, face, scalp ICA goes “internal” (inside cranial cavity) and supplies the brain

Question 31

What is the internal jugular vein?

Answer 31

•Big vein running alongside the carotid arteries in the neck draining blood from brain

Question 32

What is the external jugular vein?

Answer 32

•the thin vein draining much of the region external to the cranial cavity.

Question 33

What forms the cervical plexus and what does it supply?

Answer 33

Ventral rami from C1 to C5 - from this plexus arises sensory and motor branches innervating skina and muscles of the neck region

Question 34

What are the strap muscles?

Answer 34

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid

Question 35

What is the purpose of the strap muscles?

Answer 35

Moves hyoid bone The hyoid bone is linked to the skeleton of the voice box and is moved by the supra and infrahyoid muscles

Question 36

What does the superior thyroid artery arise from?

Answer 36

Branch of the external carotid artery

Question 37

Where does the inferior thyroid artery arise from?

Answer 37

The subclavian artery

Question 38

What is the nerve supply of the thyroid gland?

Answer 38

External laryngeal n (branch of Vagus) Recurrent laryngeal n (branch of Vagus)

Question 39

Where do the superoir, middle and the inferior thyroid veins drain?

Answer 39

Superior - IJV Middle - IJV Inferoir - Brachiocephalic