Head and Neck Pre-Practical Flashcards
Label the diagram
A - Deep cervical fascia
B - Prevertebral fascia
C - Pretracheal fascia
D - Carotid sheeth
What do each of the compartments contain?
Deep cervical - surrounds the neck - send septa to delineate compartments
Prevertebral - muscle compartment
Pre-tracheal fascia - visceral compartment
Carotid sheeth - neurovascular compartment
What composes the skull?
8 bones in the cranium and 14 bones in the facial skeleton
What are the bones of the skull?
What are the following anatomical landmarks of the skull?
What are the following foramen?
What are the folowing foramen?
What are the following layers of the skull?
What is the effect of connective tissue in the second layer?
Prevents vasocinstriction
What is the name of the aponeurosis?
Aponeurosis of the occipitofrontalis muscle
What is the name given to the veins that traverse the diploe?
Emissary veins
What is the name given to the 5th cranial nerve?
Trigeminal nerve
Which dermatomes are found infront of the red line?
Cranial nerve (CN) dermatomes, cervical nerves are found behind
What are the types of fibres cranial nerves can carry?
Sensory
Motor
Parasympathetic
What are the different types of sensory fibres that the cranial nerve carries?
- General sensory (ordinary sensations – touch, temperature, pain etc
- Special sensory ( vision/ hearing/ olfaction/ taste)
Olfaction: the action or capacity of smelling; the sense of smell.
How do sympathetic fibres reach those regions supplied by cranial nerves?
Postganglionic fibres from the sympathetic chain form a plexus and hitch a ride with blood vessels.
What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?
What type of fibres does V1 contain? Ophthalmic division
Purely sensory
What fibres does V2 contain? Maxillary division
Purely sensory
What type of fibres does V3 contain?
Mandibular division
Sensory and motor
Sensory innervation to the face and anterior part of the scalp is supplied by which nerve?
Branches of the trigeminal nerve
What are the following face muscles?
Which nerve is the facial nerve?
Cranial nerve 7
What type of fibres does the facial nerve contain?
Contains motor fibres
Sensory fibres
Parasympathetic fibres
Which foramen does the facial nerve emerge from?
Stylomastoid foramen - gives motor branches to muscle for facial expression
Which structures pass through the parotid gland?
External carotid artery enters into the parotid to give off its terminal branches
Retromandibular vein
Facial nerve
What is the name of the two triangles?
What is contained within the carotid sheath?
Carotid arteries
Internal jugular
Vagus nerve
Where do the right and left common carotid arteries arise from?
- Right side – arises from brachiocephalic artery
- Left side – arises directly from arch of the aorta
What does the ECA and the ICA supply?
ECA stays “external” and supplies neck, face, scalp
ICA goes “internal” (inside cranial cavity) and supplies the brain
What is the internal jugular vein?
•Big vein running alongside the carotid arteries in the neck draining blood from brain
What is the external jugular vein?
•the thin vein draining much of the region external to the cranial cavity.
What forms the cervical plexus and what does it supply?
Ventral rami from C1 to C5 - from this plexus arises sensory and motor branches innervating skina and muscles of the neck region
What are the strap muscles?
Suprahyoid and infrahyoid
What is the purpose of the strap muscles?
Moves hyoid bone
The hyoid bone is linked to the skeleton of the voice box and is moved by the supra and infrahyoid muscles
What does the superior thyroid artery arise from?
Branch of the external carotid artery
Where does the inferior thyroid artery arise from?
The subclavian artery
What is the nerve supply of the thyroid gland?
External laryngeal n (branch of Vagus)
Recurrent laryngeal n (branch of Vagus)
Where do the superoir, middle and the inferior thyroid veins drain?
Superior - IJV
Middle - IJV
Inferoir - Brachiocephalic
