Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

top 3 differentials > Head and Neck Imaging > Flashcards

Head and Neck Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

Enhancing orbital mass

A 
cavernous haemangioma (slow flow cavernous venous malformation): most common adult orbital mass, non-distensible, non-neoplastic, progressive enhancement, marginal chemical shift
infantile haemangioma: most common infantile, vascular neoplasm with flow voids

Lymphatic malformation: multilocular cysic hamartoma with fluid-fluid levels. Septal enhancement.

Orbital venous varix: enlarges on valsalva, can haemorrhage

Metastases, Lymphoma, Nerve sheath tumour

Optic nerve: neuritis/glioma/meningioma
Lacrimal gland: salivary epithelium-pleiomorphic adenoma/adenoid cystic/mucoepidermoid, lymphatic - lymphoma/sarcoid, inflammatory - pseudotumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Orbital rim fracture

A

orbital wall blowout: rim intact, floor most common
ZMC: zygomatic arch, inferior and lateral orbital margin
LeForte: 1: floating palate, 2: floating maxilla, 3: craniofacial dissociation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cavernous sinus mass/enhancement

A 
Macroadenoma
Meningioma: compress carotid, dural tail, hyperdense, t2 hyperintense
Schwannoma or perineural spread
Talosa-Hunt
Carotid-cavernous fistula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aggressive sinus disease with bony destruction

A

Invasive fungal sinusitis: can be T1/T2 hypointense
Granulomatous disease: Wegener/sarcoid
Sinonasal carcinoma (90% SCC>SNUC/adenocarcinoma/rhabdomyosarcoma)
Lymphoma
Cocaine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Unilateral parotid mass

A

Salivary gland neoplasm: 80% benign - 80% pleiomorphic adenoma/Warthin. Malignant: Adenoid cystic/mucoepidermoid carcinoma (more common in parotid)
Lymphadenopathy
Branchial cleft cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bilateral parotid masses

A

Benign lymphoepithelial lesions (cystic/solid/mixed)
lymphadenopathy: lymphoma, head and neck SCC or skin melanoma/SCC
Sjogrens: risk of lymphoma
Warthin tumours
Sarcoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Orbital extraocular muscle enlargement

A 
pseudotumour: pain, often unilateral, LR
thyroid eye disease: IM SLO, spares myotendinous junction
lymphoma
rhabdomyosarcoma in children
sarcoidosis/Wegeners
vascular congestion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pharyngeal mucosal mass

A 
SCC: often obstruct the eustacian tube at the fossa of Rosenmuller
Lymphoma
Infection/abscess
Tornwaldt cyst
Minor salivary gland tumour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Masticator space mass

A

Abscess
Rhabdomyosarcoma/Chondrosarcoma/osyteosarcoma/Ewing sarcoma
Nerve sheath tumour
Venolymphatic malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Carotid space mass

A

Paraganglioma
Nerve sheath tumour
Vascular mass/anomaly
Lymphadenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Retropharyngeal mass

A

Abscess
Nodal metastasis
Lymphoma
Venolymphatic malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clival Mass

A 
Chordoma
Chondrosarcoma
Metastasis
Invasive macroadenoma
Plasmacytoma
meningioma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vascular Neck injury

A

Dissection
Pseudoaneurysm
Occlusion
AVF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Globe lesion in a child

A

RB: 95% calcify, hyperdense, T1 bright, t2 dark
PHPV: does not calcify, small eye
Coats disease: does not calcify
ROP: small eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Optic nerve enlargement/enhancement

A

optic neuritis - demyelination/toxic or metabolic/ischaemic - 50% get MS
optic nerve glioma - bilateral in NF1
meningioma - tram track post contrast, 25% calcify
lymphoma
sarcoidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pachymeningeal enhancement

A 
Intracranial hypotension
Metastases
Sarcoidosis
Pachymeningitis - Tb
Subdural haematoma
17
Q

Middle ear mass

A 
glomus tympanicum
acquired cholesteatoma
aberrant ICa
facial nerve schwannoma
cholesterol granuloma
18
Q

Base of tongue mass in child

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst - most common congenital cystic neck lesion
lingual thyroid
Epidermoid/dermoid cyst

19
Q

Facial nerve enhancement

A

Normal - ok to enhance after the genu
Nerve sheath tumour
Ramsay Hunt/Bells palsy
Perineural spread

20
Q

Floor of mouth mass

A 
Ranula
Abscess
Venolymphatic malformation
Sialadenitis
SCC
Dermoid/epidermoid
21
Q

Aggressive nasal mass in child/adolescent

A 
JNA
ENB
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Lymphoma
inverted papilloma
22
Q

Cystic neck mass

A 
"congenital cyst": Branchial cleft cyst
Thymic cyst
thyroglossal duct cyst
abscess
Lymphatic malformation
Cystic SCC/papillary thyroid metastasis
23
Q

Jugular foramen mass

A

Glomus jugulare
Nerve sheath tumour
Meningioma
Metastasis

24
Q

Petrous apex mass

A 
congenital cholesteatoma DWI
cholesterol granuloma T1 bright
petrous apicitis
asymmetric marrow
mucocoele
Malignancy: metastasis/chondrosarcoma/myeloma
25
Q

Leptomeningeal enhancement

A 
Metastases
Sarcoid
Tb
Meningitis
Subacute infarction
Collateral flow in moyamoya/vasculitis

top 3 differentials (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions