Gastrointestinal imaging Flashcards
Hyperdense liver
Amiodarone (iodine) Haemochromatosis Glycogen storage disease Wilson disease Historic: thorotrast and gold
Hypoattenuation:
steatosis, malignancy, amyloid
Nodular liver contour
Cirrhosis
Treated metastases (pseudocirrhosis)
Budd-chiari syndrome
Esophageal diverticulum
pulsion diverticulum: zenker/killian-jamieson/epiphrenic, false
traction diverticulum: mid oesophageal due to pulmonary fibrosis, true
pseudodiverticulae: associated with stricture, reflux and candida
Solitary hypodense, hypovascular liver mass
cyst: hydatid show rim calcification and daughter cysts
metastasis: mucinous may calcify
abscess
peripheral cholangiocarcinoma: showed delayed enhancement of fibrosis
biliary cystadenoma
Multiple hypoattenuating hepatic lesions
Cysts including caroli disease and biliary hamartomas
metastases
multiple abscess
cholagniocarcinoma
RUQ cystic mass in a child
choledochal anomaly pancreatic pseudocyst duplication cyst ovarian cystic lesion: teratoma/simple mesenteric cyst/lymphangioma
Oesophageal submucosal mass/thickened folds
varices
refluc oesophagitis
varicoid carcinoma (fixed)
lymphoma
oesophageal dilatation
Achalasia Scleroderma Chagas disease Carcinoma (fixed) Oesophagitis with stricture
oesophageal pseudodiverticulae
reflux oesophagitis
candida
superficial spreading carcinoma shows pseudodiverticula and diffuse mucosal nodularity
-do endoscopy
oesophageal ulcers
HIV/CMV-large Herpes-multiple small Reflux oesophagitis Carcinoma drug induced or caustic oesophagitis
solid pancreatic mass
adenocarcinoma- hypovascular, head, distal ductal dilatation and parenchymal atrophy
NET-hypervascular: insulinoma/gastrinoma/non-functioning/glucagonoma/VIPoma/somatostatinoma
metastasis
lymphoma
SPEN: solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm
pancreatoblastoma
splenule
linitis plastica
gastric carcinoma
metastases: breast/lung/pancreas
lymphoma
crohns disease: “ram’s horn”
Gastric Ulcer
benign peptic: smooth margins, outpouching, NSAIDs/H. pylori
carcinoma: in-pouching of ulcerated mass, irregular margins
Lymphoma
Metastatic disease
Gastric fold thickening
Gastritis Gastric carcinoma Lymphoma Menetrier: protein losing hyperplastic gastropathy in boys and old men Metastases
Caecal mass
Appendiceal abscess Caecal adenocarcinoma Appendiceal mucocoele: mucous retention cyst, mucinous cystadenoma/adenocarcinoma Lymphoma Adnexal mass e.g. TOA
Mesenteric mass
Metastasis
Carcinoid: cicatrising, 70% calcified, dotatate (somatostatin receptor) or MIBG avid
Desmoid tumour (Gardner=desmoid/osteoma/papillary thyroid/epidermoids) /fibrosing (sclerosing) mesenteritis
Reactive lymphadenopathy: Tb, Whipple (duodenal and jejunal mural thickening with low attenuation LN)
Carcinomatosis/mesothelioma
Terminal ileal mural thickening
Crohns
Infection: salmonella, campylobacter, yersinia, TB, CMV
Lymphoma
Colonic mural thickening
Infectious colitis: diverticulitis, neutropenic colitis, pseudomembranous colitis
IBD: Crohn (transmural), UC (mucosal)
Carcinoma
Ischaemic colitis
Oedematous: infection/inflammatory/ischaemia
Soft tissue density: lymphoma
Blood: haemorrhage, air: pneumatosis
Small bowel mural thickening
IBD: Crohns
Lymphoma
Oedema; ischaemia, vasculopathy, hypoproteinaemia, angioedema
Infection: Whipple
Oesophageal stricture
reflux oesophagitis drug-induced carcinoma iatrogenic post NGT caustic injection radiation
Small bowel dilatation
SBO
Ileus
Coeliac disease -jejunoileal fold reversal
Scleroderma (hidebound bowel)
Cystic pancreatic lesion
Serous cystadenoma: “grandmother” >6 loculations, <2cm, head, central calcification
Mucinous cystic neoplasm: “mother” <6 loculations, >2cm, tail, peripheral calcifications in 20%
IPMN
Pseudocyst
Solid and papillary epithelial neoplasm
Liver mass with central scar
FNH- T2 bright scar with delayed enhancement
Fibrolamellar HCC - T2 dark scar doesn’t enhance
Haemangioma
Adenoma
Hypervascular metastasis: MR CT NET
Large Bowel Dilatation
LBO
Volvulus
Pseudo-obstruction/Olgilvie’s
Toxic megacolon
Intrahepatic biliary ductal strictures
PSC
Ascending cholangitis (cause or complication)
AIDs cholangiopathy: strictures caused by CMV/cryptosporidium
IgG4 related sclerosing cholangitis
Cholangiocarcinoma/metastases
Post-transplant arterial ischaemia
