Head and Neck general Flashcards
list some investigations that are carried out for Head and Neck disorders
fine needle aspiration (FNA) barium swallow endoscopy CT/MRI/PET scan ultrasound Xray
list some features of a malignant vs benign lump in the neck
malignant: round, fixed, irregular, non-tender, hard
benign: oval, soft, mobile, tender, smooth
why is biphasic stridor an emergency?
because the patient will get exhausted from their breathing difficulty, and eventually asphyxiate
what causes allergic rhinitis?
type 1 hypersensitivity to allergens by IgE
how is allergic rhinitis diagnosed?
patch skin test
RAST blood test
what’s the name of the classification of severity for allergic rhinitis?
ARIA
how does ARIA classify allergic rhinitis?
as intermittent or persistent
how is severity of allergic rhinitis quantified?
more than 4x per week for 4+ weeks
which antibody mediates allergic rhinitis?
IgE
what causes the typical hayfever symptoms in allergic rhinitis?
effect of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and histamine released from mast cells
how is allergic rhinitis treated?
education - allergen avoidance nasal spray steroids anti-histamines systemic steroids anti-IgE immunosuppression
what type of hypersensitivity is allergic rhinitis?
type 1 hypersensitivity
