H&N Anatomy Flashcards
what are the actions of the masseter muscle?
elevation of mandible
what are actions of the temporalis muscle?
retraction of mandible
elevation of manidble
what are the actions of the lateral pterygoid?
side to side movement
protrusion of mandible
what are the actions of the medial pterygoid?
side to side movement
protrusion of mandible
what drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess?
sphenoid sinus
what drains into the superior meatus of the nasal cavity?
posterior ethmoidal cells
what drains into the middle meatus of the nasal cavity?
frontal sinus
middle and anterior ethmoidal cells
maxillary sinus
what drains into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity?
nasolacrimal duct
which structures make up the nasal septum?
septal cartilage
perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
vomer
palatine bone
what is the action of the suprahyoid muscles on the mandible?
depression of mandible
which suprahyoid muscle is not involved in mandible depression?
geniohyoid
which muscles cause elevation of the mandible?
masseter
medial pterygoid
temporalis
which muscles cause protrusion of the mandible?
medial and lateral pterygoid
which muscle causes retraction of the mandible?
temporalis
which muscles cause depression of the mandible?
mylohyoid
stylohyoid
digastric
name the muscles of the soft palate
palatoglossus palatopharyngeus muscularis uvulae tensor veli palatini levator veli palatini
which muscle of the soft palate is not innervated by the pharyngeal plexus? what innervates that instead?
tensor veli palatini
innervated by branch of V3
what is the common action carried out on the tongue by the styloglossus and hyoglossus?
retraction of tongue
list the actions of the hyoglossus on the tongue
retraction and depression of tongue
list the actions of the styloglossus on the tongue
retraction and elevation of tongue
list the action of the genioglossus on the tongue
protrudes tongue to opposite side
if right genioglossus was paralysed, to which side would the tongue be protruded?
to the right
what is the function of the palatoglossus?
elevate the back of the tongue
what are the muscles of the tongue innervated by? name the exception and its innervation
hypoglossal nerve, except palatoglossus (pharyngeal plexus)
what are the muscles of the soft palate innervated by? name the exception and its innervation
pharyngeal plexus, except tensor veli palatini (branch of V3)
name the three muscles that come off the styloid process, and their innervation
styloglossus (hypoglossal nerve)
stylohyoid (facial nerve)
stylopharyngeus (glossopharyngeal nerve)
name the innervation of the three main salivary glands
parotid gland - glossopharyngeal nerve
submandibular gland - facial nerve
sublingual gland - facial nerve
why is it important to be able to locate the cricothyroid membrane?
because cricothyroid is pierced if a patient isn’t breathing and can’t be intubated
what is the innervation of the laryngeal muscles? name the exception and its innervation
recurrent laryngeal nerve, except cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by superior laryngeal nerve
what are the branches of the superior laryngeal nerve, and what do they supply?
external laryngeal - innervates cricothyroid muscle
internal laryngeal - sensation to laryngeal mucosa
name the three muscles that form the outer muscular layer of the pharynx
superior constrictor muscle
middle constrictor muscle
inferior constrictor muscle
name the three muscles that form the inner muscular layer of the pharynx
stylopharyngeus
palatopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus
what is the innervation of the muscles of the pharynx? name the exception and its innervation
pharyngeal branches of CNX
stylopharyngeus innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve
name the function of the outer muscular layer of the pharynx during swallowing
move bolus down into the oesophagus
name the function of the inner longitudinal muscular layer of the pharynx during swallowing
shorten and widen pharynx
name the function of the tongue and soft palate muscles during swallowing
closing off nasopharynx and moving bolus backwards
name the innervation of the sublingual and submandibular glands
chorda tympani (branch of CNVII)
which four bones meet in the area of the skull called the pterion?
frontal
parietal
temporal
sphenoid
which bones make up the anterior fossa of the cranium?
frontal bone
ethmoid bone
which bones make up the middle fossa of the cranium?
sphenoid bone
temporal bone
which bones make up the posterior fossa of the cranium?
occipital bone
parietal bone
what are the clinoid processes, and what attaches to them?
bony processes posterior to the sella turcica
the tentorium cerebelli attaches to them
when does the anterior fontanelle close?
between 9-18 months
when does the posterior fontanelle close?
between 6-8 months
