Head and Neck Cancers - oral, nasal and thyroid

Question 1

What are the 4 common neoplasias in the oral cavity of the dog ?

Answer 1

Malignant melanoma(most common)
Squamous cell carcinoma
Fibrosarcoma
Epulides

Question 2

What are the 2 common neoplasias in the oral cavity of the cat?

Answer 2

Squamous cell carcinoma (most common)

Fibrosarcoma

Question 3

Which two types of oral cavity neoplasia occurs in both dogs and cats ?

Answer 3

SCC and Fibrosarcoma

Question 4

What are the 3 most common types of neoplasia in the nasal cavity of dogs and cats ?

Answer 4

Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Lymphoma

Question 5

What is the most common thyroid cancer in dogs?

Answer 5

Thyroid carcinoma

Question 6

What is the most common thyroid cancer in cats ?

Answer 6

Functional adenoma

Question 7

What are the clinical signs of cats or dogs with oral neoplasia ?

Answer 7

Ptyalism, Odor, Changes in chewing, Decreased appetite and Oral bleeding

Question 8

Malignant melanoma is common in which canine breeds?

Answer 8

Cocker Spaniels, Min Poodles, and Chow chows

Question 9

Which 3 organs do malignant melanoma typically metastasize to ?

Answer 9

Lymph nodes
Lungs
Liver

Question 10

Where does Squamous Cell Carcinoma typically metastasize to (canines)?

Answer 10

Tonsillar lymph nodes.

Distant metastasis is uncommon

Question 11

What is the most common oral tumor in the cat ?

Answer 11

SCC

Question 12

What is the treatment for Feline Fibrosarcoma ?

Answer 12

Complete surgical excision if possible

Radiation therapy

Question 13

What is the most common BENIGN tumor of the oral cavity ?

Answer 13

Acanthomatous Epulis - more common in dogs - originate from the periodontal ligament

Question 14

A 9 year old, dolicocephalic dog presents with a tumor-like, ulcerative erosion on its nasal planum. Its owners complain that it often has nasal discharge, sneezing and epistaxis. On P.E, there is facial swelling and distortion. What is the top differential and how would you treat it?

Answer 14

SCC –> treatment : surgery or radiation therapy

Question 15

What are the top 3 most common nasal cancer in dogs ?

Answer 15

1. Carcinoma
2. Sarcoma
3. Lymphoma

Question 16

What are the top 3 most common nasal cancer in cats ?

Answer 16

1. Lymphoma (high grade) – most common

2. Carcinoma (2nd most common)

Question 17

What typically cause fungal rhinitis in canines?

Answer 17

Aspergillosis

Question 18

What typically cause fungal rhinitis in cats ?

Answer 18

Cryptococcus

Question 19

Name a mite that reside in the nasal cavity

Answer 19

Pneumonyssoides

Question 20

What is the treatment of choice for nasal cancer?

Answer 20

RADIATION Therapy - strontium

other treatment:

• chemo : carboplatin and/or doxorubicin or toceranib for carcinoma
• NSAIDS

Question 21

What is the cause of hyperparathyroidism in cats - pathologic change?

Answer 21

Functional adenoma or Adenomatous Hyperplasia

Question 22

Palpable thyroid mass in a dog should be assumed to be malignant. T/F ?

Answer 22

TRUTH!!

Question 23

Incisional Biopsy is recommended to diagnose Canine Thyroid Tumors. T/F

Answer 23

LIESSSS !!

- not recommended as it will cause hemorrhage

Question 24

Thyroid cancer tend to spread away from the heart.

Answer 24

Truth

Evaluate Mandibular and Pre-scapular LNS

Question 25

What are the potential consequences of thyroid sx?

Answer 25

Hemorrhage, Hypothyroidism, Hypocalcemia

Question 26

How would you treat non-resectable, fixed invasive tumors?

Answer 26

1. Radiation Therapy - external beam: aim is long term tumor control
   - palliative - metastatic dz is often slow to progress
   - radioactive material (I131): non-resectable primary tumor, effective for HYPERTHYROID patients
2. Chemotherapy:. Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Toceranib

Question 27

Carcinoma is the LEAST common cause of hyperthyroidism in cats.

Answer 27

TRUTH

Question 28

What is the treatment choices for thyroid carcinoma in cats ?

Answer 28

• Ideally sx

I131 or palliation with methimazole