Head and Neck Cancer - Including Salivary Gland Disease

Question 1

name 2 viruses associated with increased rates of head and neck cancer?

Answer 1

HPV

glandular fever

Question 2

how can the oral cavity be examined clinically?

Answer 2

don’t use tongue depressor
look for mucosal abnormalities
neurological examination - tongue and palate movement
if mucosal abnormalities found
- put on glove and feel the lesion as it can be much larger under the surface

Question 3

neck examination?

Answer 3

expose the neck from the clavicle up
look (lumps, redness etc)
compare left and right

Question 4

what practical procedures are used to investigate the oral cavity and neck?

Answer 4

endoscopy/biopsy
fine needle aspiration
radiology
no valuable blood tests for head and neck cancer

Question 5

first line imaging for any neck lumps?

Answer 5

ultrasound + FNA

Question 6

first line imaging for bone and soft tissue communication mass?

Answer 6

CT

Question 7

first line investigation for soft tissue mass?

Answer 7

MRI

Question 8

how does HPV cancer present?

Answer 8

young people

painless neck lump

Question 9

what is the most common head and neck cancer?

Answer 9

squamous

squamous epithelium lines oral cavity etc

Question 10

what is the most common lymph node affected by metastases?

Answer 10

left supraclavicular (virchows nods)

Question 11

common cancerous cause of neck lumps and bumps in young people?

Answer 11

lymphoma

- presents with neck lump and night sweats

Question 12

where is the obstruction in stridor?

Answer 12

upper airway

Question 13

neck cancers can cuse symptoms in what 4 systems?

Answer 13

calcium
airway obstruction
defective swallowing
hoarse voice

Question 14

where might pain refer to in a neck caner?

Answer 14

ear

Question 15

cancers in what sites can cause referred pain to the ear?

Answer 15

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