Head And Neck Cancer Flashcards
What viruses cause oro and naso pharynx cancer respectively
Hpv causes oral
EBV causes nasopharyngeal
Managment of erythromycin/leukoplakia
Requires urgent 2 week assessment for biopsy to exclude cancer
Regular monitoring
Reduce risk factors
Red flags for oral cavity cancer that require urgent referral
Unexplained ulceration in the mouth for more than 3 weeks
Lump on lip or in oral cavity
Erythroleukoplakia
Red flag referrals for laryngeal cancer
Over 45 with an unexplained neck lump or perisistent unexplained hoarseness
Referral criteria for 2ww in thyroid cancer
Anyone with an unexplained neck lump
Presentation of perisient ulcer,erythroleukoplakia, referred otalgia and cervical lymphadenopathy
Oral SCC
What is trotters syndrome suggestive of and what is the triad
Unilateral conductive hearing loss
Trigeminal neuralgia
Defective mobility of the soft palate
Suggestive of nasopharyngeal cancer
Features of nasopharyngeal cancer
Unilateral obstruction, polyp, bloody discharge, otalgia and trotters syndrome
Features of oro/hypopharyngeal cancer
Odyno/dysphagia, foreign body sensation, dysphasia, otalgia and cervical lymphadenopathy
Features of laryngeal cancer
Hoarseness of voice, stridor, dysphagia, referred otalgia and cervical lymphadenopathy
What is the main investigation that will occur for those with a 2ww for head and neck cancer
Flexible nasal endoscopy
What happens if a lesion is found in those having a flexible nasal endoscopy
Biopsy via:
Incisional biopsy
Fine needle aspirate (lymph)
Core bopsy
What imaging is used in HNSCC
MRI is the mainstay
CT neck and chest for metastasis
PET for unknown primary
Tx for HNSCC
Surgery is the mainstay with curative intent
Radiotherapy is used for early cancer
Chemo not really, used as adjuvant for locally advanced or metastatic disease
Acute side effects of radiotherapy to head and neck
Mucositis
Skin erythema
Loss of taste
