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Anatomy Year 2 MBChB > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Genioglossus

A

Attaches to inner surface of mandible
Protrudes tongue to opposite side
Damage to right hypoglossal nerve = tongue deviates to right side

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2
Q

Hyoglossus

A

Attaches to upper border of mandible

Depression and retraction of tongue

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3
Q

Styloglossus

A

Attaches to styloid process

Elevates and retracts tongue

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4
Q

Palatoglossus

A

Elevates posterior tongue
Depresses soft palate
Innervated by CN X which is part of the pharyngeal plexus

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5
Q

Parotid

A

Glossopharyngeal innervation

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6
Q

Submandibular

A

Facial innervation

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7
Q

Sublingual

A

Facial innevation

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8
Q

General sensory innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

V3 branch of trigeminal (lingual nerve)

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9
Q

General sensory innervation to posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

Chorda tympani branch of facial nerve

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11
Q

Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal

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12
Q

Mucous membrane of tongue

A

Filiform (keratinised) papillae
Fibriform papillae
Circumvallate papillae (terminal sulcus)

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13
Q

Muscles of the soft palate and innervation

A 
Tensor veli palatini - V3
Pharyngeal plexus: 
Levator veli palatini 
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus uvulae
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14
Q

Elevation of Mandible

A

Masseter
Anterior part of Temporalis
Medial pterygoid

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15
Q

Depression of Mandible

A

Suprahyoid muscles
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid

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16
Q

Protrusion of Mandible

A

Lateral pterygoid, Masseter

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17
Q

Retrusion of Mandible

A

Posterior part of Temporalis, Masseter

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18
Q

Lateral Movements of Mandible

A

Medial and lateral pterygoid of opposite side, temporalis and masseter of same side

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19
Q

Innervation of the Muscles of Mastication

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

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20
Q

Spheno-ethmoidal Recess

A

Sphenoid sinus

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21
Q

Superior Meatus

A

Posterior ethmoid air cells

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22
Q

Middle Meatus

A

Anterior and middle ethmoid air cells
Frontal sinuses
Maxillary sinuses

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23
Q

Inferior Meatus

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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24
Q

Frontal Sinus Innervation

A

V1 of trigeminal

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25
Q

Maxillary Sinus Innervation

A

V2 of trigeminal

26
Q

Sphenoid Sinus Innervation

A

V1 and V2 of trigeminal

27
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles and Innervation

A

Depresses mandible and elevates hyoid bone
Digastric: V3 ant. belly, VII post. belly
Mylohyoid: V3
Geniohyoid: C1 (follows course of CN XII)
Stylohyoid: VII

28
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles and Innervation

A 
Depresses hyoid bone
Omohyoid: Ansa cervicalis
Sternohyoid: Ansa cervicalis
Sternothyroid: Ansa cervicalis
Thyrohyoid: C1 (follows course of CN XII)
29
Q

Cervical Plexus

A

C1 - C4
Emerges between the levator scapulae and middle scalene muscles
Forms the phrenic nerve, ansa cervicalis that innervates the infrahyoid muscles

30
Q

Thyroid Veins

A

Superior and middle: IJV

Inferior: Brachiocephalic

31
Q

Thyroid Arteries

A

Superior: ECA
Inferior: Subclavian

32
Q

Thyroid Gland and Trachea Location

A

Anterior to 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings

33
Q

Laryngeal Muscles Innervation

A

Branches of Vagus (CN X)
Innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve (continues to form inferior laryngeal nerve) - loops under aorta on left and under subclavian on right
Cricothyroid is innervated by superior laryngeal nerve

34
Q

Sensory Supply to Mucous Membrane of Larynx

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

35
Q

Muscles of Pharynx and Innevation

A

Outer: superior, middle, inferior constrictor
Inner: stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus
Innervation by CN IX (sensory) and X (motor)

36
Q

Actions of Pharyngeal Muscles

A

Constrictor: constrict pharyngeal walls during swallowing
Longitudinal: elevate the larynx and pharynx during swallowing and speaking, close of nasopharynx
Tongue and Soft palate: Bolus is compressed against hard palate and pushed into oropharynx, muscles closes of pharyngeal isthmus

37
Q

Waldeyer’s ring

A

Lymphoid tissue collection surrounding the oropharynx (lingual tonsil, adenoid, palatine, tubular)

38
Q

Actions of Eye Muscles

A

Lateral rectus: Abduction
Medial rectus: Adduction
Superior rectus: Elevation, adduction, intorsion
Inferior rectus: Depression, adduction, extorsion
Superior oblique: Depression, abduction, intorsion
Inferior oblique: Elevation, abduction, extorsion

RADSIN

Inferior oblique does not arise from posterior aspect of orbit

39
Q

Lacrimal Gland Innervation

A

Facial nerve (VII)

40
Q

Joints of Ossicles

A 
Incudomalleolar = saddle
Incudostapedial = ball and socket
41
Q

Tensor Tympani

A

Tenses TM, dampens force of vibration in response to loud noises
Attaches to handle of malleolus

42
Q

Stapedius

A

Pulls stapes posteriorly to reduce osscilation

From projection of mastoid eminence to neck of stapes

43
Q

Cribiform Plate

A

Olfactory nerve axons (CN I)

Special sensory - smell

44
Q

Optic foramen

A 
Optic nerve (CN II); Special sensory - vision
Opthalmic artery
45
Q

Superior Orbital Fissure

A

Occulomotor (CN III) - Parasympathetic, somatic motor
Trochlear (CN IV) - Somatic motor (superior oblique)
Abducens (CN VI) - Somatic motor (lateral rectus)
Opthalmic divison of Trigeminal - General sensory V1 dermatome, exits supraorbital foramen as supraorbital nerve
Opthalmic veins

46
Q

Foramen Rotundum

A

Maxillary division of Trigeminal - General sensory V2 dermatome, exits infraorbital foramen as infraorbital nerve

47
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

Mandibular division of Trigeminal - General sensory V3 dermatome, somatic motor to muscles of mastication

48
Q

Foramen Spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery, branch of maxillary artery (terminal branch of ECA)

49
Q

Foramen Lacerum

A

ICA on top, plugged with cartilage

50
Q

Carotid canal

51
Q

Internal Acoustic Meatus

A

Facial and Vestibulocochlear nerve
Chorda tympani branches at TM, remainder goes through facial canal and exits at stylomastoid foramen, branches at parotid gland

52
Q

Jugular foramen

A

IX, X, XII, IJV

53
Q

Hypoglossal foramen

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

54
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

Medulla, Meninges, Vertebral arteries, Spinal accessory nerve, Anterior / posterior spinal arteries

55
Q

Insertion and Origins of Eye Muscles

A

All Recti: Tendinous ring origin and attaches to anterior part of sclera
IO: Medial part of orbital floor and sclera posteriorly
SO: Lesser wing of sphenoid bone and scleral posteriorly (supported by a trochlear = pulley)

56
Q

Innervation of Eye Muscles

57
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of Face and Scalp

A

Parotid - scalp around parotid gland, lateral part of eyelids, middle ear
Buccal - cheek region
Submental - anterior tip of tongue, central part of mouth floor and chin
Submandibular - scalp, nose, lips, air sinuses, teeth, gums, anterior tongue, floor of mouth, efferent lymphatics from submental
Mastoid - middle region of scalp and external auditory meatus
Occipital - back of scalp

All efferents travel to deep cervical nodes

58
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of Neck

A

Anterior cervical - superficial structures of neck, lies along IJV
Superficial cervical - parotid nodes, angle of mandible, structures that lie at junction between neck, face, and scalp, lies along EJV
Retropharyngeal - between pharynx and vertebral bodies, drains nasopharynx, auditory tube, upper cervical vertebral column
Laryngeal - at cricothyroid ligament, drains larynx and adjacent structures
Tracheal - trachea and thyroid gland

59
Q

Jugulo-digastric Lymph Nodes

A

Jugular and facial vein junction

Tonsilitis

60
Q

Growth of Skull

A

Fontanelles: Anterior, Posterior
Anterior fuses at 12-18 months
Posterior fuses 6-12 months

Raised in ICP, infections
Depressed in dehydration

61
Q

Dentition

A

Decidous teeth: 20 in total
8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 molars

Permanent teeth: 32 in total
8 incisors, 4 canine, 8 premolars, 12 molars

Anatomy Year 2 MBChB (2 decks)

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