Head And Neck

Question 1

SCALP structures

Answer 1

Skin
CT dense
Aponeurosis (epicranial) (occipitofrontalis m)
Loose CT
Pericranium (periosteum)

Then bone (calvaria)

Question 2

CN VII course

Answer 2

Through internal acoustic meatus and petrous part temporal bone with CN VIII
Into facial canal near middle and internal ear
Exit skull via stylomastoid foramen of temporal bone

Question 3

Acoustic neuroma of CN VIII

Answer 3

May compress VII

Question 4

Geniculate ganglion

Answer 4

External genu of CN VII

Contains 1deg sensory cell bodies associated with CN VII

Question 5

CN VII branches

Answer 5

Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
Posterior auricular (not through parotid)
N to post belly digastric and stylohyoid

Question 6

Ophthalmic division

Answer 6

Supraorbital
Supratrochlear
Infratrochlear
External nasal
Lacrimal (palpebral branch)

Question 7

Maxillary division

Answer 7

Infraorbital
Zygomaticofacial
Zygomaticotemporal

Question 8

Mandibular division

Answer 8

Mental
Buccal
Auriculotemporal

Question 9

Carotid sheath contents

Answer 9

Common and internal carotid
IJV
CN X
Deep cervical nodes

Question 10

IJV clinical significance

Answer 10

Jugular venous pulses
Central venous line
Heart catheterisation
Between 2 heads of SCM

Question 11

Carotid sinus

Answer 11

Baroreceptor for BP

At proximal internal carotid

Question 12

Carotid body

Answer 12

Chemoreceptor for O2 levels

At bifurcation

Question 13

Carotid endarterectomy

Answer 13

Surgery to open or clean carotid

Question 14

External carotid a

Ant branches

Answer 14

Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial

Question 15

External carotid a

Post branches

Answer 15

Occipital

Posterior auricular

Question 16

External carotid a

Terminal branches

Answer 16

Maxillary

Superficial temporal

Question 17

Subclavian a branches

Answer 17

Vertebral
Internal thoracic/mammary
Thyrocervical trunk
Costocervical trunk
Dorsal scapular

Question 18

Subclavian a continuation

Answer 18

As axillary a

At lateral border of 1st rib

Question 19

Face and scalp vv

Answer 19

Retromandibular (from superficial temporal and maxillary)
EJV (from post RM and posterior auricular)
Common facial (from facial, ant RM, lingual, drain to IJV)
Occipital
Supraorbital
Supratrochlear

Question 20

Face and scalp vv

Anastomoses

Answer 20

Facial anastomoses with ophthalmic vv, drain into cavernous sinus
Deep tributaries of facial anastomose with pterygoid plexus
Pterygoid plexus anastomoses with cavernous sinus

Question 21

Deep lymphatics of neck

Answer 21

Main groups of deep cervical nodes (DCN)
Lymph from head and neck
Within carotid sheath
Jugulo-digastric
Jugulo-omohyoid

Question 22

Sentinel nodes location

Answer 22

Near root of neck

Lymph from many parts of body flow through

Question 23

Brachial plexus

Answer 23

Roots (ventral rami C5-C8, T1)
Trunks (sup, mid, inf)
Divisions (ant, post)
Cords (lat, post, med)
Branches (musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, ulnar)

Question 24

Cervical plexus

Answer 24

C1-C4 ventral rami
Cutaneous branches
Anterolateral mm of neck (infrahyoids mostly via ansa cervicalis)
C1 fibres briefly with CN XII
Phrenic (C3-C5)

Question 25

Sympathetic trunk

Answer 25

Ascends into neck posteromedial to carotid sheath

Ganglion (superior cervical, middle cervical, cervicothoracic/stellate deep to subclavian a)

Question 26

Aa to thyroid, PT

Answer 26

Sup thyroid aa from external carotid
Inf thyroid aa from thyrocervical trunk
Thyroid ima a (present occasionally midline)

Question 27

Vv from thyroid, PT

Answer 27

Sup thyroid vv to IJV
Mid thyroid vv to IJV
Inf thyroid vv to brachiocephalic v

Question 28

Aa and nn thyroid relations

Answer 28

Sup thyroid a and sup laryngeal n

Inf thyroid a and recurrent laryngeal n

Question 29

C4 SA

Answer 29

Superior edge of thyroid cartilage (larynx)

Bifurcation of carotid

Question 30

C6-7 SA

Answer 30

Junction larynx and trachea

Junction pharynx and oesophagus