Head and Neck

Question 1

Tube esophagostomy

Answer 1

Malnutrition/anorexia. Dysphagia- bypass the oral
cavity.
Requires functional GI tract aboral to the oral cavity. No vomiting or aspiration. No cervical disease
Coming out midcervical on the left. Measure to the 7-8th rib space

Question 2

Tube esophagostomy vs pharyngostomy

Answer 2

No airway obstruction, less risk of aspiration, less risk of injury to neurovascular structures

Question 3

Tube esophagostomy vs gastrostomy

Answer 3

No risk of peritonitis, easier, cheaper, removed earlier

Question 4

Tube esophagostomy post op care

Answer 4

Flush tube after bolus or every 6 hours.

Ostomy site care. Liquified foods.

Question 5

Canine thyroid neoplasia

Answer 5

90% adenocarcinoma, 60% euthyroid.
Ectopic tissue is common in cats and dogs- mediastinum, descending aorta, thoracic inlet, trachea
Space occupying, horners, 30-40% met to lung and lymph nodes at time of diagnosis
Fixed tumor is not good.
Surgery, I131 treatment (must be functional), chemotherapy

Question 6

Canine thyroid neoplasia closely associated with

Answer 6

On the right side- closely associated with the carotid sheath- jugular, carotid, vagosymphathetic trunk, recurrent laryngeal

Question 7

Feline thyroid tumors

Answer 7

Functional adenoma, benign and usually bilateral
Radioactive iodine (best for ectopic tissue), surgery, tapazole (methimazole)
Before surgery, treat for HCM, screen for renal insufficiency, ectopic tissue?
Surgery: intra or extracapsular. Leave parathyroid.

Question 8

Feline thyroid tumors post op

Answer 8

Hypocalcemia, thyroxine, renal insufficiency

Question 9

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 9

Functional adenoma- unregulated production of PTH. Hypercalcemia
Keeshonden breed
Cervical ultrasound- enlarged parathyroid glands
Can have post op hypoCa
Measure iCa every 6-8 hours. If <1 mmol/L start Vit D.
Ethanol or heat ablation

Question 10

PTH function

Answer 10

Secrete PTH- which works on kidney, bone, intestines
Stop excretion of the Ca and increase excretion of P
Increase lysis of bone (Increase resorption of Ca and P)
Increased calcitriol- intestine absorbs more Ca and P

Question 11

Salivary mucocele

Answer 11

Accumulation of salivary secretions that have leaks from damaged glandular tissue or ducts.
Cervical, ranula, pharyngeal, and zygomatic. Mostly sublingual.
Excise entire sublingual-mandibular gland complex