Head and Neck

Question 1

Main cause of tooth loss before age 35.

Answer 1

Dental caries

Question 2

Main consequences of gingivitis.

Answer 2

Plaque and calculus

Question 3

Fibrous proliferative lesion usually occurring in children, adults and pregnant women (pregnancy tumor); histologically, characterized by organizing granulation tissue (highly vascular).

Answer 3

Pyogenic granuloma

Question 4

Most common oral fungal infection.

Answer 4

Candidiasis

Question 5

Characterized by vesicle formation; histologically characterized by ballooned cells with large eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions (Cowdry Type A inclusion bodies).

Answer 5

Herpetic gingivostomatitis

Question 6

A white/red plaque that cannot be scraped off; considered precancerous unless proven otherwise; the red plaque is more associated with malignancy than the white plaque; most common risk factor is cigarette smoking.

Answer 6

Leukoplakia/Erythroplakia

Question 7

Most common histologic type of oral cavity cancer.

Answer 7

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 8

Most common benign tumor of the salivary gland; histologically characterized by epithelial elements arranged in ducts, acini, irregular tubules, strands, or even sheets, in a mesenchyme-like background of loose myxoid tissue containing islands of chondroid and rarely, foci of bone; locally invasive.

Answer 8

Pleomorphic adenoma

Question 9

The most common primary malignant tumor of salivary glands composed of mucous and squamous cells.

Answer 9

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 10

Most common epithelial odontogenic tumor that arises from odontogenic epithelium that does not demonstrate extomesenchymal differentiation; locally invasive.

Answer 10

Ameloblastoma

Question 11

Rare neoplasm with strong links to EBV and high frequency among the Chinese population. Characterized by large epithelial cells having indistinct borders (syncytial growth) and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli.

Answer 11

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 12

A benign neoplasm usually on the true vocal cords that forms a soft, raspberry-like excresence rarely more then 1 cm in diameter; consists of multiple, slender, finger-like projections.

Answer 12

Laryngeal papilloma

Question 13

Most common symptom of laryngeal carcinoma.

Answer 13

Persistent hoarseness

Question 14

Common etiologic agents implicated in laryngeal carcinoma

Answer 14

Smoking, alcohol, asbestos, radiation, HPV

Question 15

Most common histologic type of laryngeal carcinoma

Answer 15

Squamous cell carcinoma (95%)

Question 16

Most common location of laryngeal carcinoma

Answer 16

Glottic (60-75%)

Question 17

Most common cause of otitis media.

Answer 17

Viral

Question 18

Most common primary bacterial causes of acute otitis media.

Answer 18

S. pneumoniae, non-typeable H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis

Question 19

Most common causes of chronic otitis media.

Answer 19

P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, fungus, mixed

Question 20

Complications of otitis media.

Answer 20

Brain abscess and cholesteatoma

Question 21

True cyst arising from remnant of second branchial arch (most common); clinically presents as upper lateral neck mass along SCM.

Answer 21

Branchial cleft cyst

Question 22

Most common congenital anomaly of thyroid gland; arising from remnants of thyroid gland descent; clinically present as a midline mass along the track of descent of the thyroid gland; treatment of choice is Sistrunk procedure.

Answer 22

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 23

Neuroendocrine neoplasm associated with ANS; basically, an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma (histologically); can be located paravertebral (sympathetic), or in aorticopulmonary chain (parasympathetic).

Answer 23

Paranganglioma

Question 24

Most common type of inflammatory salivary gland lesion and the most common salivary gland lesion.

Answer 24

Mucocele

Question 25

Most common form of viral sialadenitis; most common gland involved: parotid.

Answer 25

Mumps

Question 26

Most common gland involved in sialolithiasis.

Answer 26

Submandibular

Question 27

Most common site of tumors regardless of behavior.

Answer 27

Parotid gland

Question 28

Most common tumor of the salivary gland; also the most common benign tumor.

Answer 28

Pleomorphic adenoma

Question 29

Most common primary malignant tumor of the salivary gland; and the second most common tumor.

Answer 29

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Question 30

Second most common benign tumor of the salivary gland, with high association with smoking.

Answer 30

Warthin tumor (Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum)

Question 31

Highly aggressive malignancy of the salivary gland, with high propensity for perinueral invasion, and high occurrence of distant metastasis.

Answer 31

Adenoid cystic carcinoma