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DT3 Exam 2 > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

resolution of aphthous ulcers

A

spontaneously in 7-10 days

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2
Q

clinical forms of candidiasis

A

pseudomembranous aka thrush
hyperplastic
erythematous

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3
Q

hairy leukoplakia

A

lateral border
cannot be scraped off
associated with EBV

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4
Q

cause of precancerous lesions

A

tobacco

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5
Q

most common lesion of head and neck

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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6
Q

HPV associated with sinonasal papilloma

A

6 and 11

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7
Q

virus nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

EBV

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8
Q

presentation nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

nasal obstruction and epistaxis

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9
Q

ostosclerosis

A

bilateral hearing loss

abnormal middle ear bone deposition

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10
Q

treatment of most head and neck neoplasms

A

excision

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11
Q

paraganglioma

A

clusters of neuroendocrine cells

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12
Q

components of pleomorphic adenoma

A

mixed-epithelial and myoepithelial

benign and painless tumor

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13
Q

location of warthin tumor

A

restricted to parotid gland

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14
Q

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A

most common malignant tumor

t(11;19)(q21;p13)

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15
Q

adenoid cystic carcinoma

A

perineural invasion
PAINFUL MASS
parotid and submandibular glands

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16
Q

location of thyroglossal duct cyst

A

most common

midline

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17
Q

course of thyroglossal duct cyst

A

asymptomatic until infected
painless midline swelling
moves with swallowing or sticking out tongue
can be associated with ectopic thyroid

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18
Q

embryology causing thyroglossal duct cyst

A

connects thyroid and foramen cecum
at 5th week fragments, mesoderm condenses into hyoid bone
atrophies by end of 8th week

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19
Q

characteristics of thyroglossal duct cyst

A

epithelial lined cyst
from failure of normal obliteration
infrahyoid most common

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20
Q

imaging of thyroglossal duct cyst

A

ultrasound to diagnose
CT may be used
treat with surgical resection

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21
Q

origin of dermoid

A

outer layers of skin do not properly grow together

lined with epithelium, contains hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands

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22
Q

characteristics of dermoid

A

moves independently with skin

doughy

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23
Q

origin of branchial cleft cyst

A

remnants of embryonic development from failure of obliteration of one of the branchial clefts
epithelial lined cyst

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24
Q

location branchial cleft cyst

A

lateral neck

25
Q

cyst

A

no external or internal opening

26
Q

sinus

A

internal or external opening

27
Q

fistula

A

both internal and external openings

28
Q

first branchial cleft cyst

A

type 2 more common
type 1 duplication of auditory canal
type 2 at angle of mandible

29
Q

most common branchial cleft cyst

A

second

30
Q

characteristics of second branchial cleft cyst

A

inferior to mandible and anterior to SCM
sinus or fistula
tract can extend to ipsi tonsil

31
Q

third branchial cleft cyst

A

anterior to SCM lower in neck
end in pharynx at thyrohyoid member
often presents with lower neck infection
L>R

32
Q

characteristics of cystic hygroma

A

lymphatic malformation

multi-loculated lesion in left posterior triangle

33
Q

presentation of cystic hygroma

A

soft, painless, doughy mass
may transilluminate
evaluate for tracheal deviation or evidence of impending airway obstruction

34
Q

hemangiomas

A

usually not present at birth

bright red macule or papule rash with clear boundaries

35
Q

liver MRI and hemangiomas

A

if 5 or more cutaneous

36
Q

proliferative phase of hemangiomas

A

continues for up to 15 to 18 months
reach 85% of size by 5 months of age
may ulcerate

37
Q

involutional phase of hemangiomas

A

superficial lesions change to dull red, then gray
flatten and soften
most complete by 10 yo

38
Q

subglottic hemangioma

A

high risk with segmental beard distribution-preauricular, chin, lower lip, neck
biphasic stridor
initially diagnosed as croup

39
Q

hemangiomas on MRI

A

gadolinium MRI study of choice
well circumscribed, lobulated mass
salt and pepper pattern
dilated vessels

40
Q

indications to intervene for hemangiomas

A 
accelerated growth
hemorrhage
infection
ulceration
problems breathing, swallowing
high output CHF
41
Q

pharmacological treatment of hemangiomas

A

propranolol

42
Q

congenital torticollis

A

SCM is tight and shortened
usually discovered in first 6-8 weeks of life
injury causes scarring that leaves it tight
associated with hip dysplasia

43
Q

presentation torticollis

A

tilted in a laterally, bending toward affected muscle

rotate to opposite side

44
Q

concerning lymphadenopathy

A 
generalized
occipital, auricular, supraclavicular, mediastinal, epitrochlear, posterior cervical nodes
firm
matted
nontender
>2cm
systemic symptoms
45
Q

biopsy LN

A

supraclavicular

2-6 weeks, >3cm, not responding to antibiotics or risk factors for malignancy

46
Q

common cause of lymphadenopathy

A

viral most common

47
Q

MAI lymphadenopathy

A

submandibular common
firm, painless mass that does not respond to antibiotics
may enlarge and become fluctuant
violaceous hue

48
Q

treatment MAI

A

macrolides-azithromycin
also rifampin, ethambutol, aminoglycosides, or fluroquinolones
treated with 3 antimicrobials for 12 months
excision but not incision and drainage

49
Q

cat scratch disease

A

bartonella
primary inoculation at lesion
self limited 6-12 weeks
treat with doxy, erythro, azithro

50
Q

Kawasaki disease

A 
fever >5 days
cervical lymphadenopathy 
edema/eryhtema palms and soles
conjunctivitis 
strawberry tongue
51
Q

most common neoplasm causing lymphadenopathy in children

A

lymphoma

52
Q

lymphoma

A

painless neck mass
hodgkin in adolescents; non-hodgkin in 2-12 yo
M>F
hodgkin from EBV

53
Q

concern for lymphoma

A

> 3cm and firm
multiple regions
supraclavicular or posterior triangle location

54
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

arise from soft tissue-skeletal muscle

55
Q

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

A

head and neck or GU

56
Q

alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

A

arms, legs, chest, abdomen, genital organs or anal area

57
Q

anaplastic rhabdomyosarcoma

A

rare in children

58
Q

presentation rhabdomyosarcoma

A

depend on location

commonly a lump or swelling that keeps getting bigger

DT3 Exam 2 (5 decks)

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