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anatomy year 2 > Head and Neck 4 > Flashcards

Head and Neck 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is A?

A

Coronoid process

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2
Q

What is B?

A

Condyler process

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3
Q

What is C?

A

Mandibular foramen

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4
Q

What is D?

A

Angle

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5
Q

What is E?

A

Mental foramen

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6
Q

What is F?

A

Mental protrubence

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7
Q

What are the different types of teeth?

A

Incisor

Canines

Premolars

Molars

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8
Q

How many of each type of deciduous teeth are there?

A

Incisor 8

Canines 4

Molars 8

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9
Q

How many of each type of permanent teeth are there?

A

Incisors 8

Canines 4

Premolars 8

Molars 12

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10
Q

What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

A

Hinge (synovial)

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11
Q

What are the 2 articular processes that form the temporomandibular joing?

A

Mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Condyler process of the mandible

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12
Q

What movements of the mandible occur at the TMJ?

A

Elevation (close mouth)

Depression (open mouth)

Protrusion (protude chin)

Retrusion (retrude chin)

Side to side movements (grinding and chewing)

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13
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis

Masseter

Medial pterygoid

Lateral pterygoid

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14
Q

What are the bony attachments of the temporalis muscle?

A

Temporal fossa

Coronoid process of mandible

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15
Q

How do the fibres of the temporalis differ?

A

Anterior fibres are nearly vertical

Posterior fibres are nearly horizontal

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16
Q

What happens when the anterior fibres of the temporalis contract?

A

Elevation

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17
Q

What happens when the posterior fibres of the temporalis contract?

A

Lateral movement of same side and retrusion

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18
Q

What are the bony attachments of the masseter?

A

Zygomatic arch

Outer surface of the ramus and coronoid process of the mandible

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19
Q

What are the actions of the masseter?

A

Elevation (mainly)

Protrusion

Retrusion

Lateral movement

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20
Q

What does the medial pterygoid muscles attach to?

A

Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the skull

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21
Q

What does the medial pterygoid muscle attach to?

A

Medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

To which part of the mandible does the lateral pterygoid muscle attach?

A

Enters into joint capsule of the TMJ to insert onto neck of mandible and also the articular disc of this joint

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24
Q

To which part of the mandible does the medial pterygoid muscle attach?

A

Medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible

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25
Q

What are the actions of pterygoid muscles?

A

Protrusion and depression (when both lateral contract)

Lateral movement (when lateral pterygoid contracts with medial of same side)

Elevation and protrusion (when two medial contract)

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26
Q

What is A?

A

Temporalis

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27
Q

What is B?

A

Zygomatic arch

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28
Q

What is C?

A

Masseter

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29
Q

What is D?

A

Mandible

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30
Q

What is E?

A

Medial pterygoid

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31
Q

What is F?

A

Lateral pterygoid

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32
Q

What group of muscles produce depression of the mandible?

A

Not the muscles of mastication, but the suprahyoid muscles (run from mandible to hyoid bone)

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33
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles that depress the jaw?

A

Anterior digastric

Geniohyoid

Mylohyoid

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34
Q

What is A?

A

Digastric (anterior belly)

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35
Q

What is B?

A

Mylohyoid

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36
Q

What is C?

A

Digastric (posterior belly)

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37
Q

What is D?

A

Stylohyoid

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38
Q

What muscles produce elevation of the mandible?

A

1) Masseter
2) Temporalis
3) Medial pterygoid

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39
Q

What muscles produce depression of the mandible?

A

1) Anterior digastric
2) Geniohyoid
3) Mylohyoid

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40
Q

What muscles produce protrusion of the mandible?

A

1) Lateral pterygoid (main)
2) Masseter
3) Medial pterygoid

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41
Q

What muscles produce retraction of the mandible?

A

1) Temporalis (posterior)
2) Masseter

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42
Q

What muscles produce side to side movements of the mandible?

A

1) Temporalis of same side
2) Pterygoids of same side
3) Masseter

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43
Q

Innervation of the muscles of mastication is done by branches of what?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal mnerve

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44
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve emerge from?

A

Oval foramen

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45
Q

Where do the motor branches of the mandibular nerve supply the muscles of mastication?

A

Infratemporal fossa

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46
Q

What sensory branch of the mandibular nerve enters the mandibular foramen and supplies sensory innervation to the mandibular area?

A

Inferior alveolar

47
Q

The vestibule of the oral cavity refers to the space between what?

A

Lips and teeth

48
Q

The muscle innervated by the facial nerve that lies in the lateral walls of the oral cavity is?

A

Buccinator

49
Q

The buccinator is innervated by what?

A

Facial nerve

50
Q

The muscle of facial expression whose contraction causes closing/pursing of the lips is?

A

Orbiculolaris oris

51
Q

The posterior opening of the oral cavity is called the?

A

Oropharyngeal pharynx

52
Q

Where does the hard palate lie relative to the soft palate?

A

Hard palate is anterior to the soft palate, both forming the roof of the oral cavity

53
Q

What 2 bones form the hard palate?

A

Palatine process of maxilla

Horizontal plate of palatine

54
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Tensor vali palatini

Levator vali palatini

Palatoglossus

Palatopharyngeus

Muscularis uvuias

55
Q

What is A?

A

Tensor veli palatini muscle

56
Q

What is B?

A

Levator veli palatini muscle

58
Q

What is C?

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

59
Q

What is D?

A

Palatopharyngeus muscle

60
Q

What is E?

A

Palatoglossus muscle

61
Q

What is F?

62
Q

What is the nerve supply to the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Pharyngeal branch of CN X (vagus) via pharyngeal plexus

(except tensor veli palatini which is branch of V3)

63
Q

What is the collective action of the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Closes of nasal passage during swallowing

64
Q

What is the anterior border of the oropharynx?

A

Right and left palatoglossal arches

65
Q

Where does the oropharynx extend from and to?

A

Extends from the uvala of the soft palate to the tip of the epiglottis below

66
Q

What type of cellular tissues makes up the palatine tonsils?

67
Q

What is A?

A

Palatoglossal arch

68
Q

What is B?

A

Palatopharyngeal arch

69
Q

What is C?

70
Q

What is D?

A

Palatine tonsil

71
Q

What are the functions of the tongue?

A

Moving food during chewing

Taste

Speech

72
Q

What can the tongue be divided into?

A

Anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 by a V shaped sulcus called the terminal sulcus

73
Q

What is the embryological significance of the foramen caecum?

A

Remnant of the thyroglossal duct

74
Q

What does the anterior 1/3 of the tongue have on the dorsal surface?

A

Surface projections of mucosa mambrane that make it rough, called papillae

75
Q

What are the 3 types of papillae?

A

Filiform

Fungiform

Vavate

76
Q

In what papillae are taste buds present?

A

Fungiform and vavate

(not filiform)

77
Q

What are the projections on the dorsal posterio 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Elevations produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection, called lingual tonsil

78
Q

What is the inferior surface of the tongue covered by?

A

Smooth mucous membrane

79
Q

What is the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth called?

80
Q

What is A?

A

Deep lingual vein

81
Q

What is B?

82
Q

What is C?

A

Opening of duct from sublingual gland

83
Q

What provides general sensory innervation (touch, pain, temperature) to:

  • anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • posterior 1/3 of tongue
A

Anterior 2/3 - lingual branch of mandibular (V3) division of trigeminal nerve

Posterior 1/3 - glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

84
Q

What provides taste sensory innervation to:

  • anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • posterior 1/3 of tongue
A

Anterior 2/3 - chorda tympani branch of facial nerve

Posterior 1/3 - glossopharygeal

85
Q

What are the 2 types of muscles of the tongue?

A

Intrinsic (originate and insert within the tongue)

Extrinsic (attach from the tongue to surrounding bones or soft palate)

86
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

Change the position of the tongue

87
Q

What do the intrinsic fibres of the tongue do?

A

Alter shape of tongue

88
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus

Hyoglossus

Styloglossus

Palatoglossus

89
Q

What is the attachment of the genioglossus?

A

Inner surface of the hyoid close to midline

90
Q

What is the action of the genioglossus?

A

Protrudes tongue to opposite side

91
Q

What is the attachment of the hyoglossus?

A

Upper border of body of mandible

92
Q

What is the action of the hyoglossus?

A

Depresses tongue

93
Q

What is the attachment of the styloglossus?

A

Anterior border stylohyoid process

94
Q

What is the action of the styloglossus?

A

Helps narrow oropharynx in swallowing

95
Q

What is the attachment of the palatoglossus?

A

Soft palate

96
Q

What is the action of the palatoglossus?

A

Helps narrow oropharynx in swallowing

97
Q

When the nerve innervating the right genioglossus is damaged, which direction would you expect the patients tongue to deviate if you ask them to protrude it?

98
Q

What is A?

A

Genioglossus

99
Q

What is F?

A

Geniohyoid

100
Q

What is B?

A

Hyoglossus

101
Q

What is C?

A

Stylohyoid

102
Q

What is D?

A

Styloglossus

103
Q

What is E?

A

Palatoglossus

104
Q

What are the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue innervated by?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

Apart from the palatoglossus which is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus (CN X)

105
Q

What are the 3 paired salivary glands?

A

Parotid

Submandibular salivary gland

Sublingual

106
Q

What are the 2 parts of the submandibular gland?

A

Superficial/deep lobes

107
Q

What muscle seperates the superficial and deep lobes of the submandibular glands?

A

Myohyoid muscle

108
Q

Where in relation to the floor of the mouth does the submandibular gland lie?

A

Inferior to the floor of the mouth

109
Q

Where does the submandibular salivary duct open into?

A

Sublingual caracles

110
Q

How does parasympathetic innervation affect the salivary glands?

A

Secretomotor

111
Q

What nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?

A

Glossopharyngeal

112
Q

What nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular salivary gland?

A

Chordis tympani nerve (from submandibular ganglion)

113
Q

What nerve supplies parasympathetic innervation to the sublingual gland?

A

Submandibular ganglion

anatomy year 2 (17 decks)

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