Head and Neck Flashcards
Sternocleidomastoid
O: Sternal head – upper part of anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
Clavicular head – superior surface of medial one-third of clavicle
I: Lateral one-half of superior nuchal line and lateral surface of mastoid process
A: Unilaterally: Laterally flex the head and neck to same side, Rotate the head and neck to opposite side
Bilaterally: Flex the neck, Assist to elevate the ribcage during inhalation
N: Accessory nerve (CN XI) and branches from anterior rami C2, C3 (C4)
Anterior Scalene
O (superior attachment): Anterior tubercle of transverse processes of 3rd to 6th cervical vertebrae
I: Scalene tubercle and upper surface of 1st rib
A: Unilaterally: With the ribs fixed, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side and rotate head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally: Elevation of 1st rib
N: anterior rami C4-C6
Middle Scalene
O (superior attachment): Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of 2nd to 7th cervical vertebrae
I: Upper surface of 1st rib posterior to the groove for the subclavian artery
A: Unilaterally: With the ribs fixed, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side and rotate head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally: Elevation of 1st rib
N: Anterior rami of C3-C7
Posterior Scalene
O (superior attachment): Posterior tubercle of transverse processes of 4th to 6th cervical vertebrae
I: Upper surface of 2nd rib
A: Unilaterally: With the ribs fixed, laterally flex the head and neck to the same side and rotate head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally: Elevation of 2nd rib
N: Anterior rami of C7-C8
Longus colli
O (inferior attachment): Anterior bodies of C5-T3; Transverse processes of C3-C5 (some texts describe different parts of this muscle, we will review in lecture)
I (superior attachment): Anterior tubercle of C1; bodies of C1-C3, transverse processes of C3-C6 (some texts describe different parts of this muscle, we will review in lecture)
A:Unilaterally: Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side, slight rotate the head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally: flex the head and neck
N: Branches from anterior rami of C2 – C6
Longus capitis
O (inferior attachment): anterior tubercles of transverse processes of 3rd to 6th vertebrae
I (superior attachment): inferior surface of basilar part of occiput
A: Unilaterally: Laterally flex the head and neck to the same side, Rotate the head and neck to the same side
Bilaterally: Flex the head and neck
N: Branches from anterior rami of C1 – C3
Rectus capitis anterior
O: anterior surface of lateral part of atlas and its transverse process
I: inferior surface of basilar part of occipital bone
A: flexion of the head at the atlanto-occipital joint
N: branches from anterior rami of C1, C2
Rectus capitis lateralis
O: superior surface of transverse process of atlas
I: inferior surface of jugular process of occipital bone A: lateral flexion of the head to the same side N: branches from anterior rami of C1, C2
Rectus capitis posterior major
O: spinous process of axis (C2)
I: lateral portion of inferior nuchal line A: extension of the head; rotate the head to the same side N: posterior ramus of C1, suboccipital n.
Rectus capitis posterior minor
O: Tubercle of the posterior arch of atlas (C1)
I: medial portion of inferior nuchal line A: extension of head N: posterior ramus of C1, suboccipital n.
Obliqus capitis superior
O: transverse process atlas (C1)
I: occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines A: extension of head; laterally flex the head to the same side N: posterior ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)
Obliqus capitis inferior
O: spinous process axis (C2)
I: transverse process atlas (C1) A: rotation of face head to same side N: posterior ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)
Masseter
O: zygomatic arch and the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone
I: ramus of mandible & coronoid process
A: superficial fibers: elevation & protrusion of mandible (acting bilaterally); deep fibers: retrusion (acting bilaterally)
N: massetric nerve from the anterior trunk of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve CN V
Temporalis
O: bone of temporal fossa and temporal fascia
I: coronoid process of mandible and anterior margin of ramus of mandible
A: elevation and retrusion of mandible N: deep temporal nerves from anterior trunk of mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve CN V
Lateral pterygoid
O: Superior Head: Infratemporal surface and crest of greater sphenoid wing
Inferior Head: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I: Capsule of temporomandibular joint, articular disc, and the pterygoid fovea on the neck of mandible
A: Deviates mandible to opposite side (i.e. contralateral lateral deviation, acting unilaterally), protrusion of the mandible (acting bilaterally), grinding (acting alternately), superior head: during elevation of the mandible it eccentrically contracts to control posterior glide of disc; inferior head: depression
N: Massetric nerve from the anterior trunk of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve CN V