Head and Neck

Question 1

Brown Sequard Syndrome

Answer 1

Ipsilateral loss of motor function and contralateral loss of pain and temperature
(penetrating injuries and epidural hematomas); best prognosis

Question 2

Central Cord Injury

Answer 2

Injury occurs in the central part of cord, greater deficit present in upper extremities especially hand than lower extremities

Question 3

Complete Cord Injury

Answer 3

total loss of motor and sensory below the level of injury

Question 4

Atlanto Dislocation

Answer 4

internal decapitation; fatal; “head is falling off” sensation; more common in peds

Question 5

Cauda Equina Syndrome

Answer 5

damage between L1 to 5; paresthesia in perineal region; incontinence of bladder and blower and lower body paralysis

Question 6

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Answer 6

complete loss of motor function, pain and temperature with preservation of sensation

Question 7

MRI

Answer 7

Gold standard for imaging of spine; differentiate between ischemia, hemorrhage, and edema

Question 8

Purpose of MRA

Answer 8

Check for vertebral or carotid arterial dissection with cervical and spinal cord injury

Question 9

Sacral Sparing

Answer 9

Anal sparing indication of incomplete cord injury

Question 10

Corticospinal tract

Answer 10

controls the voluntary movement assessed with motor evaluation

Question 11

Burst fracture treatment

Answer 11

Spinal cord decompression is needed to remove the bone fragments

Question 12

Neurogenic shock symptoms

Answer 12

Parasympathetic stimulation
Hypotension, bradycardia, dry warm skin, hypothermia

Question 13

Neurogenic shock treatment

Answer 13

First line is FLUIDS then vasopressor; classfied at distributive shock

Question 14

Respiratory parameters for cord injuries

Answer 14

FVC and NIF (negative pressure in chest for adq inspiration) check for ventilation

Question 15

Postvoid Residual

Answer 15

is pt is able to void independently use bladder scan to check residuals always

Question 16

Autonomic Hyperreflexia

Answer 16

overreaction of autonomic nervous system, usually above T6; first step is to find stimulation and remove it; antihypertensive is not the priority

Question 17

Level of cervical injury affect diaphragm

Answer 17

C4, may happen later levels in acute stage due to swelling

Question 18

spinal shock

Answer 18

loss of motor and reflex function below the level of injury; occurs right after the injury

Question 19

C5 to C7 ADL

Answer 19

Can feed themselves independently; allows for flexion of biceps and elbows

Question 20

C8 to C11 ADL

Answer 20

Fine motor still intact; flexing of wrist and fingers

Question 21

C6 ADL

Answer 21

use wheelchair; can feed, groom, and dress

Question 22

Jefferson’s fracture

Answer 22

fracture in C1 without injury or displacement of the cord

Question 23

acquired brain injury

Answer 23

damage to the brain from strokes, rumors, anoxia, hypoxia, degen diseases, near drowning, not by external force