Head and neck Flashcards
Anterior neck triangle borders
Inferior mandible, anterior edge of SCM, midline of the neck
Posterior neck triangle borders
Posterior SCM, middle 1/3 clavicle & anterior edge of trapezius
What is contained in the SCM region (4)
SCM
Great auricular nerve
Transverse cervical nerve
Posterior cervical region contains (2)
Trapezius
Cutaneous branch of the posterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
3 neck compartments
Anterior midline - visceral
Lateral - vascular
Posterior midline - vertebral
Which deep fascia completely surrounds the neck?
Investing / musculofacial collar
Pre tracheal fasica surrounds ?
Visceral compartment
- trachea
- oesophagus
- thyroid gland
Pre-vertebral fasica surrounds ?
Vertebral column including cervical nerves
Pre and post vetebral muscles
Carotid sheath surrounds?
Vascular compartment
- Central carotid artery
- Internal CA
- part of the external CA
- Internal JV
- CNX
3 fascial spaces in the neck
Pre tracheal
Retropharyngeal
Fascial space within the pre vertebral layer
At what spinal level does the hyoid bone line?
C3
At what spinal level does the bifurcation of the carotid artery lie?
C3/4
Main action of the suprahyoid muscles
effectors of swallowing
Main action of the infrahyoid muscles
laryngeal depressors
Horizontally how does the thyroid extend (from -> to)
Thyroid cartilage -> 5th tracheal ring
L + R sternocleidomastoid work together to produce which movement?
Draw the head forward
On it’s own the sternocleidomastoid does what movement?
Rotation of the head to the opposite side or obliquely rotate the head.
Names of the cervical ganglia that give sympathetic supply to the neck?
Superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia
Which artery does the L. common carotid originate from?
Direct branch from the aorta
Which artery does the R. common carotid originate from?
Branch of the brachiocephalic trunk
Where does the internal carotid have NO branches
The neck
Where does the carotid sinus lie?
In the wall of the internal carotid artery
What does the carotid sinus house?
Baroreceptors
What does the carotid body house?
Chemoreceptors
Ludwigs angina
bilateral infection of the floor of the mouth
Ludwig angina is life-threatening cellulitis of the soft tissue involving the floor of the mouth and neck. Ludwig angina involves 3 compartments of the floor of the mouth: sublingual, submental, and submandibular.
Main actions of:
Postvertebral & Pre-vertebral muscles
extensor musculature
flexor musculature
Attachments of anterior scalene
Originates from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3-C6 and attaches onto the scalene tubercle (on the inner border of the first rib).
Innervation of anterior scalene
Innervation: Anterior rami of C5-C6.
Nerve roots of phrenic nerve
C3/4/5
Course of the phrenic nerve
Lateral aspect of ant. scalaene, then travels down over anterior surface below the pre-vertebral layer of fascia
Relationship of each phrenic nerve to the subclavian artery
Right - Passes anteriorly over the lateral part of the right subclavian artery.
Left - Passes anteriorly over the medial part of the left subclavian artery.
Anatomical course of the R. recurrent laryngeal nerve in the neck
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (right side only) – Hooks underneath the right subclavian artery, then ascends towards to the larynx.
Jugulo-omohyoid lymph node
Location
What does it drain
Under medial aspect of SCM
Drains the tongue - if enlarged could indicate carcinoma
Infraclavicular needle approach for CVC
skin puncture 1 cm caudal to the junction of the medial- and middle-thirds of the clavicle
Where does the subclavian artery lie at the root of the neck ?
Below the clavicle, behind the anterior scalene muscle
Buccinator:
Action
Innervation
Press cheeks against teeth, compressed distended cheeks, assist in smiling
Buccal branches of the facial nerve
Facial nerve branches
Two
Zebras
Befriend
My
Cat
Where do the facial muscles that move the lips integrate
At the modiolus
Obicularis oris:
Action
Innervation
Close and or protrude the lips
Buccal branches of VII
Where does the facial nerve leave the skull?
Stylomastoid foramen
2 branches of the facial nerve that exit prior to it entering the parotid gland?
Posterior auricular and the digastric
Orbicularis Oculi
Action
Innervation
Actions:
Palpebral part – gently closes the eyelids.
Lacrimal part – involved in the drainage of tears.
Orbital part – tightly closes the eyelids.
Innervation – Temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve
Dermatomes of H&N
Lacrimal nerve sensory supply to
Lacrimal gland
Skin of lateral and upper eyelid
+ forehead
