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Lansang Notes > Head and Neck 1 > Flashcards

Head and Neck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to the skeleton of the head and face including the mandible

A

Skull

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2
Q

Refers to skull minus mandible

A

Cranium

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3
Q

Refers to skull minus facial bones

A

Calvarium

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4
Q

Number of bones of the skull including the mandible

A

22

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5
Q

Are air cavities of some bones of the skull

A

Air sinuses

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6
Q

Bones having air sinuses

A 
Maxilla
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Mastoid process of temporal bones
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7
Q

Suture between frontal and parietal bones

A

Coronal suture

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8
Q

Suture between parietal and occipital bones

A

Lambdoid suture

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9
Q

Suture between parietal bones

A

Sagittal suture

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10
Q

A developmental anomaly that may be present in the frontal bone

A

Metopic suture

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11
Q

Is the point of meeting between coronal and sagittal sutures

A

Bregma

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12
Q

Point of meeting between sagittal and lamboid sutures

A

Lambda

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13
Q

The depression at the midline at the root of the nose

A

Nasion

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14
Q

External occipital protruberance

A

Inion

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15
Q

Point where the anteroinferior portion of the parietal bone articulates with the greater wing of the sphenoid

A

Pterion

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16
Q

Importance of the pterion

A

Fracture at this area may result to epidural hemorrhage because it overlies the anterior division of middle meningeal artery

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17
Q

Period of closing of the anterior fontanelle

A

18 months

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18
Q

Period of closing of the posterior fontanelle

A

End of first year

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19
Q

Passes through foramen cecum

A

Emissary vein from nasal mucosa to superior sagittal sinus

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20
Q

Passes through cribriform plate of ethmoid

A

Olfactory nerves

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21
Q

Passes through optic canal

A

Optic nerve and opthalmic artery

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22
Q

Passes through the superior orbital fissure

A

Occulomotor, trochlear, opthalmic division of CN V, abducens, and superior opthalmic vein

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23
Q

Passess through foramen rotundum

A

Maxillary nerve

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24
Q

Passes through foramen ovale

A

Mandibular nerve and lesses petrosal nerve

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25
Q

Passes through foramen spinosum

A

Middle meningeal artery

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26
Q

Foramen that is filled in by cartilage and fibrous tissue in life

A

Foramen lacerum

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27
Q

Passes through the carotid canal

A

Internal carotid artery

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28
Q

Passes through the foramen magnum

A

Medulla oblongata and its meninges
Ascending spinal parts of CN XI
Vertebral arteries

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29
Q

Passes through hypoglossal canal

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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30
Q

Passes through internal acoustic meatus

A

CN VII and VIII

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31
Q

Passes through condylar canal

A

Emissary vein

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32
Q

Characteristics of cervical vertebrae

A

Transverse foramina for arteries and veins
Spinous process small and bifid
Vertebral body generally small

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33
Q

Thickened supraspinous and interspinous ligaments in the cervical region extending from spine of c7 to inion

A

Ligamentum nuchae

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34
Q

Layers of the scalp

A 
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurotic layer
Loose areolar tissue
Pericranium
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35
Q

Why scalp wounds are blood

A

Blood vessels are enmeshed in the fibrous septa and hence cannot retract
Also rich in anastamosis between blood vessels

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36
Q

Layer of the scalp with contains the epicranius muscle or the occipitofrontalis muscle

A

Aponeurotic layer

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37
Q

Nerve supply of the apneurotic layer of the scalp

A

Facial nerve

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38
Q

Dangerous area of the scalp

A

Loose areolar tissue
It contains emissary veins which connects intracranial with extracranial veins which may be a possible route of infection

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39
Q

Sensory supply of the scalp lie in the

A

Superficial fascia or 2nd layer

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40
Q

Arterial supply of hte frontal and temporal region

A

External carotid artery thru superficial temporal artery

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41
Q

Arterial supply of auricular area

A

Posterior auricular artery

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42
Q

Arterial supply of back of scalp and vertex

A

Occipital artery

43
Q

Functions to thicken the cheek, reduce atmospheric pressure during sucking, and gives the rounded fullness of baby’s cheeks

A

Buccal fat pad (fat of Bichat)

44
Q

Deep cervical fascia is also known as

A

Fascia colli

45
Q

Layers of fascia colli

A

Superficial investing layer
Pretracheal layer
Prevertebral layer

46
Q

Space between pharunx and prevertebral fascia

A

Retropharyngeal space

47
Q

Layer of connective tissue that passes around the sides and back of the pharynx binding posterior portion of pharynx to prevertebral fascia

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

48
Q

Condensation of deep fascia containing common carotid and internal carotid arteries, as well as internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve

A

Carotid sheath

49
Q

Where muscles of facial expression are embedded

A

Superficial fascia

50
Q

Nerve supply of the muscles of facial expression

A

Facial nerve

51
Q

Muscle of the cheek for blowing and whistling
Compress the cheeks and lips against the teeth and places food within reach of the teeth
Assists in mastication

A

Buccinator

52
Q

Nerve supply of the platysma

A

Cervical branch of the facial nerve

53
Q

Importance of preserving nerve supply of platysma

A

If the nerve is cut, the patient will have a sagging of one angle of the mouth

54
Q

Give muscles of mastication and corresponding specific action

A

Internal pterygoid - elevator of mandibleTemporal muscle - elevator of mandible; posterior fibers retract
External pterygoid - protractor of jaw; depressor of mandible
Masseter - elevator of mandible

55
Q

Nerve supply of all muscles of mastication

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

56
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

Digastrics, geniohyoids, mylohyoids, stylohyoids

57
Q

Action of suprahyoid muscles

A

Depressors of mandible

58
Q

Subdivisions of anterior cervical triangle

A

Submental
Digastric
Carotid
Muscular

59
Q

Divides the anterior cervical triangle

A

Anterior and posterior bellies of digastric and superficial belly of omohyoid muscles

60
Q

Divides the posterior cervical triangle

A

Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

61
Q

Subdivisions of posterior cervical triangle

A

Occipital

Supraclavicular

62
Q

Contents of posterior triangle

A

Arteries

  • Subclavian (3rd part)
  • superficial cervical
  • suprascapular
  • occipital

Veins:
-external jugular vein and tributaries

Nerves:

  • brachial plexus
  • CN XI
  • branches of cervical plexus
63
Q

Contents of carotid triangle

A 
Upper part of common carotid artery
Branches of external carotid artery
Internal jugular vein and tributaries
CN XII
Deep cervical lymph nodes
64
Q

Contents of muscular triangle

A

Thyroid gland
Larynx
Trachea
Esophagus

65
Q

Contents of digastric triangle

A

Submandibular gland
Facial artery
Facial vein
Lymph nodes

66
Q

Muscles at root of the neck

A

Scalenus anterior, medius, and posterior

67
Q

Innervates mylohyoid (CN)

A

CN V

68
Q

Innervates stylohyoid (CN)

A

CN VII

69
Q

Innervates digastric

A

Anterior belly - CN V

Posterior belly - CN VII

70
Q

Right common carotid artery arises from the

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

71
Q

Left common carotid artery arises from the

A

Aortic arch

72
Q

The common carotid artery divides into external and internal carotid arteries at the level of the

A

Upper border of the thyroid cartilage

73
Q

A dilation at the beginning of internal carotid artery which is a presso-receptor regulating blood pressure in the cerebral arteries

A

Carotid sinus

74
Q

A chemoreceptor sensitive to anoxia which raises blood pressure, increases HR and RR; located beyond the point of bifurcation of common carotid artery

A

Carotid body

75
Q

The common carotid artery is closely related to the

A

Internal jugular vein and CN X

76
Q

Branches of external carotid artery

A 
Superior thyroid a
Ascending pharyngeal a
Lingual a
Facial a
Occipital a
Posterior auricular a
Superficial temporal a
Maxillary a
77
Q

Branches of the internal carotid artery as it emerges from the cavernous sinus

A

Anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries

78
Q

Cerebral portion of internal carotid artery gives rise to

A

Opthalmic artery and other branches which form the circle of Willis
Anterior circulation of the brain

79
Q

Supplies blood to the tympanic membrane

A

Caroticotympanic artery

80
Q

Origin of the left subclavian artery

A

Aortic arch

81
Q

Origin of the right subclavian artery

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

82
Q

Branches of the first part of subclavian artery

A

Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Internal throracic artery

83
Q

Branches of the second part of subclavian artery

A

Costocervical trunk

  • superior intercostal artery
  • deep cervical artery
84
Q

Dangerous area of the face

A

A triangular area bounded by the root of the nose and angles of the mouth—> cavernous sinus thrombosis

85
Q

Main sensory nerve of head and motor to muscles of mastication

A

Trigeminal nerve

86
Q

Divisions of trigeminal nerve

A

Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

87
Q

Branches of the opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve

A

Lacrimal
Frontal
Nasociliary

88
Q

Branches of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve from the main trunk

A

Main trunk

  • nerve to medial pterygoid
  • nerve to tensor veli palatini
  • nerve to tensor tympani ms
89
Q

Branches of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve from the anterior division

A

Anterior division

  • nerve to masseter, temporalis, and lateral pterygoid
  • buccal nerve
90
Q

Branches of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve from the posterior division

A

Posterior division

  • auriculotemporal nerve
  • lingual nerve
  • inferior alveolar nerve
91
Q

Branches of the facial nerve

A 
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical
92
Q

The facial nerve emerges through the ___

A

internal acoustic meatus

93
Q

The facial nerve supplies the ____

A

muscles of facial expression
stylohyoid
stapedius
posterior belly of digastric muscles

94
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve leaves the skull through the

A

Jugular foramen

95
Q

Branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve

A 
Tympanic
Carotid
Pharyngeal
Stylopharyngeal
Lingual
96
Q

Parasympathetic ganglia in the head:

Preganglionic paradympathetic fibers carried by CN III; supply sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles

A

Ciliary ganglion

97
Q

Parasympathetic ganglia in the head:

Pregabglionicm parasympathetic carried by CN VII; supply the lacrimal, nasal, and palatal glands

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

98
Q

Parasympathetic ganglia in the head:

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers by CN VII; supply submandibular and sublingual glands

A

Submandibular ganglikn

99
Q

Parasympathetic ganglia in the head:

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried by CN IX; supply the parotid gland

A

Otic ganglion

100
Q

Cranial nerve with widest area of distribution

A

Vagus nerve

101
Q

Vagus nerve leaves skull through

A

Jugular foramen

102
Q

CN that leave skull through jugular foramen

A

CN 8-11

103
Q

Nerve supply to sternomastoid and trapezius muscles

A

Spinal accessory nerve

Lansang Notes (2 decks)

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