Head and Neck 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Refers to the skeleton of the head and face including the mandible
A
Skull
2
Q
Refers to skull minus mandible
A
Cranium
3
Q
Refers to skull minus facial bones
A
Calvarium
4
Q
Number of bones of the skull including the mandible
A
22
5
Q
Are air cavities of some bones of the skull
A
Air sinuses
6
Q
Bones having air sinuses
A
Maxilla Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Mastoid process of temporal bones
7
Q
Suture between frontal and parietal bones
A
Coronal suture
8
Q
Suture between parietal and occipital bones
A
Lambdoid suture
9
Q
Suture between parietal bones
A
Sagittal suture
10
Q
A developmental anomaly that may be present in the frontal bone
A
Metopic suture
11
Q
Is the point of meeting between coronal and sagittal sutures
A
Bregma
12
Q
Point of meeting between sagittal and lamboid sutures
A
Lambda
13
Q
The depression at the midline at the root of the nose
A
Nasion
14
Q
External occipital protruberance
A
Inion
15
Q
Point where the anteroinferior portion of the parietal bone articulates with the greater wing of the sphenoid
A
Pterion
16
Q
Importance of the pterion
A
Fracture at this area may result to epidural hemorrhage because it overlies the anterior division of middle meningeal artery
17
Q
Period of closing of the anterior fontanelle
A
18 months
18
Q
Period of closing of the posterior fontanelle
A
End of first year
19
Q
Passes through foramen cecum
A
Emissary vein from nasal mucosa to superior sagittal sinus
20
Q
Passes through cribriform plate of ethmoid
A
Olfactory nerves
21
Q
Passes through optic canal
A
Optic nerve and opthalmic artery
22
Q
Passes through the superior orbital fissure
A
Occulomotor, trochlear, opthalmic division of CN V, abducens, and superior opthalmic vein
23
Q
Passess through foramen rotundum
A
Maxillary nerve
24
Q
Passes through foramen ovale
A
Mandibular nerve and lesses petrosal nerve
25
Passes through foramen spinosum
Middle meningeal artery
26
Foramen that is filled in by cartilage and fibrous tissue in life
Foramen lacerum
27
Passes through the carotid canal
Internal carotid artery
28
Passes through the foramen magnum
Medulla oblongata and its meninges
Ascending spinal parts of CN XI
Vertebral arteries
29
Passes through hypoglossal canal
Hypoglossal nerve
30
Passes through internal acoustic meatus
CN VII and VIII
31
Passes through condylar canal
Emissary vein
32
Characteristics of cervical vertebrae
Transverse foramina for arteries and veins
Spinous process small and bifid
Vertebral body generally small
33
Thickened supraspinous and interspinous ligaments in the cervical region extending from spine of c7 to inion
Ligamentum nuchae
34
Layers of the scalp
```
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurotic layer
Loose areolar tissue
Pericranium
```
35
Why scalp wounds are blood
Blood vessels are enmeshed in the fibrous septa and hence cannot retract
Also rich in anastamosis between blood vessels
36
Layer of the scalp with contains the epicranius muscle or the occipitofrontalis muscle
Aponeurotic layer
37
Nerve supply of the apneurotic layer of the scalp
Facial nerve
38
Dangerous area of the scalp
Loose areolar tissue
It contains emissary veins which connects intracranial with extracranial veins which may be a possible route of infection
39
Sensory supply of the scalp lie in the
Superficial fascia or 2nd layer
40
Arterial supply of hte frontal and temporal region
External carotid artery thru superficial temporal artery
41
Arterial supply of auricular area
Posterior auricular artery
42
Arterial supply of back of scalp and vertex
Occipital artery
43
Functions to thicken the cheek, reduce atmospheric pressure during sucking, and gives the rounded fullness of baby's cheeks
Buccal fat pad (fat of Bichat)
44
Deep cervical fascia is also known as
Fascia colli
45
Layers of fascia colli
Superficial investing layer
Pretracheal layer
Prevertebral layer
46
Space between pharunx and prevertebral fascia
Retropharyngeal space
47
Layer of connective tissue that passes around the sides and back of the pharynx binding posterior portion of pharynx to prevertebral fascia
Buccopharyngeal fascia
48
Condensation of deep fascia containing common carotid and internal carotid arteries, as well as internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve
Carotid sheath
49
Where muscles of facial expression are embedded
Superficial fascia
50
Nerve supply of the muscles of facial expression
Facial nerve
51
Muscle of the cheek for blowing and whistling
Compress the cheeks and lips against the teeth and places food within reach of the teeth
Assists in mastication
Buccinator
52
Nerve supply of the platysma
Cervical branch of the facial nerve
53
Importance of preserving nerve supply of platysma
If the nerve is cut, the patient will have a sagging of one angle of the mouth
54
Give muscles of mastication and corresponding specific action
Internal pterygoid - elevator of mandibleTemporal muscle - elevator of mandible; posterior fibers retract
External pterygoid - protractor of jaw; depressor of mandible
Masseter - elevator of mandible
55
Nerve supply of all muscles of mastication
Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
56
Suprahyoid muscles
Digastrics, geniohyoids, mylohyoids, stylohyoids
57
Action of suprahyoid muscles
Depressors of mandible
58
Subdivisions of anterior cervical triangle
Submental
Digastric
Carotid
Muscular
59
Divides the anterior cervical triangle
Anterior and posterior bellies of digastric and superficial belly of omohyoid muscles
60
Divides the posterior cervical triangle
Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
61
Subdivisions of posterior cervical triangle
Occipital
| Supraclavicular
62
Contents of posterior triangle
Arteries
- Subclavian (3rd part)
- superficial cervical
- suprascapular
- occipital
Veins:
-external jugular vein and tributaries
Nerves:
- brachial plexus
- CN XI
- branches of cervical plexus
63
Contents of carotid triangle
```
Upper part of common carotid artery
Branches of external carotid artery
Internal jugular vein and tributaries
CN XII
Deep cervical lymph nodes
```
64
Contents of muscular triangle
Thyroid gland
Larynx
Trachea
Esophagus
65
Contents of digastric triangle
Submandibular gland
Facial artery
Facial vein
Lymph nodes
66
Muscles at root of the neck
Scalenus anterior, medius, and posterior
67
Innervates mylohyoid (CN)
CN V
68
Innervates stylohyoid (CN)
CN VII
69
Innervates digastric
Anterior belly - CN V
| Posterior belly - CN VII
70
Right common carotid artery arises from the
Brachiocephalic trunk
71
Left common carotid artery arises from the
Aortic arch
72
The common carotid artery divides into external and internal carotid arteries at the level of the
Upper border of the thyroid cartilage
73
A dilation at the beginning of internal carotid artery which is a presso-receptor regulating blood pressure in the cerebral arteries
Carotid sinus
74
A chemoreceptor sensitive to anoxia which raises blood pressure, increases HR and RR; located beyond the point of bifurcation of common carotid artery
Carotid body
75
The common carotid artery is closely related to the
Internal jugular vein and CN X
76
Branches of external carotid artery
```
Superior thyroid a
Ascending pharyngeal a
Lingual a
Facial a
Occipital a
Posterior auricular a
Superficial temporal a
Maxillary a
```
77
Branches of the internal carotid artery as it emerges from the cavernous sinus
Anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries
78
Cerebral portion of internal carotid artery gives rise to
Opthalmic artery and other branches which form the circle of Willis
Anterior circulation of the brain
79
Supplies blood to the tympanic membrane
Caroticotympanic artery
80
Origin of the left subclavian artery
Aortic arch
81
Origin of the right subclavian artery
Brachiocephalic trunk
82
Branches of the first part of subclavian artery
Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Internal throracic artery
83
Branches of the second part of subclavian artery
Costocervical trunk
- superior intercostal artery
- deep cervical artery
84
Dangerous area of the face
A triangular area bounded by the root of the nose and angles of the mouth---> cavernous sinus thrombosis
85
Main sensory nerve of head and motor to muscles of mastication
Trigeminal nerve
86
Divisions of trigeminal nerve
Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
87
Branches of the opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve
Lacrimal
Frontal
Nasociliary
88
Branches of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve from the main trunk
Main trunk
- nerve to medial pterygoid
- nerve to tensor veli palatini
- nerve to tensor tympani ms
89
Branches of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve from the anterior division
Anterior division
- nerve to masseter, temporalis, and lateral pterygoid
- buccal nerve
90
Branches of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve from the posterior division
Posterior division
- auriculotemporal nerve
- lingual nerve
- inferior alveolar nerve
91
Branches of the facial nerve
```
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical
```
92
The facial nerve emerges through the ___
internal acoustic meatus
93
The facial nerve supplies the ____
muscles of facial expression
stylohyoid
stapedius
posterior belly of digastric muscles
94
The glossopharyngeal nerve leaves the skull through the
Jugular foramen
95
Branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve
```
Tympanic
Carotid
Pharyngeal
Stylopharyngeal
Lingual
```
96
Parasympathetic ganglia in the head:
Preganglionic paradympathetic fibers carried by CN III; supply sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles
Ciliary ganglion
97
Parasympathetic ganglia in the head:
Pregabglionicm parasympathetic carried by CN VII; supply the lacrimal, nasal, and palatal glands
Pterygopalatine ganglion
98
Parasympathetic ganglia in the head:
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers by CN VII; supply submandibular and sublingual glands
Submandibular ganglikn
99
Parasympathetic ganglia in the head:
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried by CN IX; supply the parotid gland
Otic ganglion
100
Cranial nerve with widest area of distribution
Vagus nerve
101
Vagus nerve leaves skull through
Jugular foramen
102
CN that leave skull through jugular foramen
CN 8-11
103
Nerve supply to sternomastoid and trapezius muscles
Spinal accessory nerve
