Head and Facial injuries Flashcards
Do scalp and facial lacerations bleed a little or a lot
a lot due to lots of blood supply
what is the max time for sutures after an injury
18 hrs-sue says 6-8 hrs
How will you know if an eye injury is less serious
no vision issues
what signs should you observe for in a nasal injury
epitaxis, deformity, alignment, raccoon eyes
What injuries may result in a direct blow to the nose
nasal fracture and chondral seperation
what are the signs and symptoms of a nasal fracture or chondral seperation
profuse bleeding, immediate swelling and deformity
what is the MOI of a nosebleed
direct blow, sinus infection, high humidity, allergies, a foreign body or some other serious facial injury
what are the signs and symptoms of a nosebleed
uncontrolled bleeding(if lengthy then seek medical attention and will spontaneously resolve
what is the treatment for nosebleeds
can put astringent on a nose plug and return to play, ice on the bridge or posterior neck, no nose blowing for at least two hours
What is the MOI of a mandible fracture
direct blow
What are the signs and symptoms
obvious deformity, loss of occlusion(teeth not lining up), bite test(bite down and hold, only if no deformity present), bleeding around teeth and lower lip anesthesia
What is the MOI of a madibular dislocation
lateral blow with an open mouth
What are the signs and symptoms of a mandibular dislocation
locked open mouth, minimal ROM and poor occlusion
How do you manage a mandibular dislocation
refer- soft diet and NSAID’s, gradual return to play 7-10 days after actue phase
What are the signs and symptoms of TMJ dysfunction
headaches, earaches, vertigo, inflammation, neck pain, muscle gaurding and trigger points, limited ROM, clicking, popping
What is the management for TMJ dysfunction
custom mouth piece(removeable), strengthening or stretching
What should you do if you suspect a maxilla fracture(any level)
refer immediatly
what is the MOI for a zygomatic complex fracture
direct blow
What are the signs and symptoms of a zygomatic complex fracture
deformity, bony descrepancy, nosebleed, diplopia and numbness of the cheek
How do you manage a zygomatic complex fracture
cold application, immediate referral to physician,
What would you want the athlete to have once they return to play following a zygomatic complex fracture
protection for the area
What injury occurs when the eye is struck with an object that is larger than the orbit
blowout fracture
What are some signs or symptoms of blowout fracture
eye will bulge or sink in, limited eye movements, won’t be able to track up
What is the management for blowout fractures
refer for x-ray and no nose blowing(antibiotics and decongestant to help with this)
what is another term for orbital hemotoma
black eye
what is a subjunctiva hematoma
broken capillaries in the conjunctiva of eye
When is a “blood shot” eye harmless
when you can see the lateral border then there is nothing to worry about, if no border is present then it could be indicative of a fracture
What is the MOI for a hyphema
blunt blow to the eye-finger poke
what are some signs and symptoms of a hyphema
collection of blood in anterior chamber of eye, visible reddish tinge in anterior chamber, vision may be blocked
What is the management plan for a hyphema
refer, bed rest and elevation(30-40) degrees, both eyes patched, sedation and medication to reduce anterior chamber pressure
What is MOI for a corneal abrasion
Athlete or person attempts to remove foreign object from eye scratching the cornea
What are the signs and symptoms of a corneal abrasion
severe pain, watering eyes, photophobia and spasm of the orbicular muscle of the eyelid
what i the MOI for a rupture of the globe
blow to the eye by an object that is smaller than the orbit
What are the signs and symptoms of a globe rupture
severe pain, decreased visual acuity, diplopia, irregular pupils, globe or pupil deformity, increased intraocular pressure and orbital leakage
Management for ruptured globe
immediate rest and eye shield and referral to emergency department
What is another name for cauliflower ear
auricular hematoma
what is auricular hematoma
fluid build up between skin and catilage of ear
What is the management plan for auricular hematoma
drain fluid and wrap with collodion
What is otitis externa
swimmers ear
What test can be done to test for swimmers ear
pulling on pinna(earlobe)
What is the MOi for a rupture of the tympanic membrane
fall or slap to the unprotected ear or sudden underwater variation
signs and symptoms of rupture of the tympanic membrane
loud pop, pain in ear, nausea, vomiting and izziness, hearing loss, visible rupture(through otocscope)
Do ears heal well by themselves
yes
For injuries to the throat, what would be some “red flags”
bleeding(externally or in mouth), loss of landmarks((swelling), apnea, dypnea, increased breath sounds on auscultation, spitting up blood, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, loss of movement of the laryngeal structures
