HD anatomy

Question 1

Obturator formane bones

Answer 1

Pubis and ischium

Question 2

Iliac crest

Answer 2

ASIS –> PSIS

Attachment point for gluteal and iliacus muscles

Question 3

Sacrospinous ligament

Answer 3

Separates greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Question 4

Greater sciatic foramen

Answer 4

Formed by sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments
Sciatic nerve
Piriformis
Pudendal nerve (exiting pelvis)
Superior and inferior gluteal vessels and nerves

Question 5

Lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 5

Formed by sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments 
Obturator internus
Pudendal nerve (re-entering pelvis)

Question 6

Male vs female pelvis

Answer 6

Female larger and broader, males narrower and taller
Iliac crests more flared in females
Pubic arch narrower in males
Female = large oval pelvic inlet and males rounder
Coccyx more posterior in females to give larger pelvic outlet

Question 7

Pelvic floor functions

Answer 7

Supports pelvic viscera
Resists intrapelvic pressure
Maintains continence

Question 8

Levator ani divisions

Answer 8

Levator prostate/sphincter vaginae
Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

Question 9

Internal iliac brnaches

Answer 9

Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
Pudendal

Question 10

Lumbar plexus

Answer 10

L1-L4
Behind psoas major 
Femoral (L2-4) - anterior thigh 
Obturator (L2-4) - medial thigh
Genitofemoral (L1-2) - scrotum, cremaaster, labia majora

Question 11

Sacral plexus

Answer 11

L4-S4
Sciatic (L4-S3) 
Superior gluteal (L4-S1) 
Inferior gluteal (L5-S2) 
Pudendal (S2-4)

Question 12

Pudendal nerve course

Answer 12

Out through greater sciatic foramen

Back in through lesser sciatic foramen

Question 13

Piriformis

Answer 13

Sacrum –> greater trochanter

External rotation and abduction

Question 14

Obturator internus

Answer 14

Ischiopubic ramus –> greater trochanter

External rotation and abduction

Question 15

Perineum boundaries

Answer 15

Pubic symphesis 
Inferior pubic rami 
Ischial tuberosites 
Sacrotuberous ligament 
Coccyx

Question 16

Broad ligament

Answer 16

Fold of peritoneum draped over the uterus containing the round ligament, ovarian ligament and suspensory ligament of the uterus

Question 17

Round ligament

Answer 17

Uterus –> labia majora via inguinal canal

Question 18

Ovarian ligament

Answer 18

Ovary –> uterus

Question 19

Uterus position

Answer 19

Anteverted with respect to the vagina

Anteflexed with respect to the cervix

Question 20

Fallopian tube parts

Answer 20

Uterine
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum

Question 21

Uterus blood supply

Answer 21

Uterine and vesicular arteries from the internal iliac

Question 22

Ovary blood supply and venous drainage

Answer 22

Ovarian arteries from abdominal aorta

Drain via ovarian veins to IVC on the right and and renal vein on the left

Question 23

Ureter course

Answer 23

Arise from kidneys and descend retroperitoneally
Cross pelvic prim at sacroiliac joint and cross common iliac bifurcation point
Run down lateral pelvic walls
Turn anteromedial direction at ischial spines and head towards bladder
Pass close to the uterine artery at the side of the cervix
Pass close to the ovarian artery at the pelvic brim

Question 24

Perineal body

Answer 24

Levator ani, bulbospongiosus, superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles, external anal sphincter

Question 25

Vas deferens course

Answer 25

Up from epididymis through inguinal canal Down lateral pelvic wall Turns medially and passes between bladder and urethra Joins duct from seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct within the prostate

Question 26

Inguinal canal contents

Answer 26

``` Female = round ligament of the uterus and ilioinguinal nerve Male = vas deferens, testicular vessels and ilioinguinal nerve ```

Question 27

Deep inguinal ring

Answer 27

Opening in transversalis fascia at the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

Question 28

Superficial inguinal ring

Answer 28

Opening in external oblique aponeurosis above the pubic tubercle

Question 29

Male urethra parts

Answer 29

Prostatic Membranous Spongey

Question 30

Penis blood supply

Answer 30

Internal pudendal artery from internal iliac

Question 31

Scrotum nerve supply

Answer 31

Genitofemoral Anterior and posterior scrotal Posterior femoral cutaneous

Question 32

Female peritoneal pouches

Answer 32

Vesicouterine - between bladder and uterus | Rectouterine (Douglas) - between uterus and rectum

Question 33

Female deep perineal pouch contents

Answer 33

Proximal urethra External urinary sphincter Deep transverse perineal muscle Vagina

Question 34

Female superficial perineal pouch

Answer 34

Clitoris and ischiocavernosus Bulbs of vestibule and bulbospongiosus Greater vebstivualr glands Superficial transverse perineal muscle

Question 35

Male deep perineal pouch contents

Answer 35

Membranous urethra External urinary sphincter Deep transverse perineal muscle Bulbourethral gland

Question 36

Male superficial perineal pouch contents

Answer 36

Crura of penis and ischiocavernosus Bulb of penis and bulbospongiosus Superficial transverse perineal muscle

Question 37

Pampiniform plexus

Answer 37

Network of veins that drains the testes | Heat exchanger system that cool arterial blood before it supplies the testes

Question 38

Suspensory ligament contents

Answer 38

Ovarian artery | Ovarian vein

Question 39

Pudendal nerve terminal branches

Answer 39

Inferior rectal Dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris Perineal