BB anatomy

Question 1

Anterior cranial fossa bones

Answer 1

Frontal,ethmoid, sphenoid

Question 2

Anterior cranial fossa structures

Answer 2

Frontal lobes

Question 3

Middle cranial fossa bones

Answer 3

Sphenoid, temporal

Question 4

Middle cranial fossa structures

Answer 4

Temporal lobes, pituitary gland

Question 5

Posterior cranial fossa bones

Answer 5

Sphenoid, temporal, parietal, occipital

Question 6

Posterior cranial fossa structures

Answer 6

Brainstem, cerebellum

Question 7

Superior colliculus

Answer 7

Eye movements and reflexes

Question 8

Inferior colliculus

Answer 8

Auditory reflexes

Question 9

Flow of aqueous humour

Answer 9

Ciliary body –> pupil –> canal of Schlemm

Question 10

Partial optic nerve lesion

Answer 10

Ipsilateral scotoma

Question 11

Complete optic nerve lesion

Answer 11

Monocular blindness

Question 12

Optic chiasm lesion

Answer 12

Bitemporal hemianopia

Question 13

Optic tract lesion

Answer 13

Homonymous hemianopia

Question 14

Meyer’s loop lesion

Answer 14

Homonymous upper quadrant hemianopia

Question 15

Optic radiation lesion

Answer 15

Homonymous hemianopia

Question 16

Visual cortex lesion

Answer 16

Homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

Question 17

Oculomotor parasympathetic

Answer 17

Sphincter pupillae

Ciliary muscle

Question 18

Facial parasympathetic

Answer 18

Submandibular gland

Sublingual gland

Question 19

Glossopharyngeal parasympathetic

Answer 19

Parotid gland

Question 20

Horner syndrome

Answer 20

Mitosis (pupil constriction), ptosis, enopthalmos (sinking of eye), anhydrosis

Question 21

CSF drainage

Answer 21

Lateral ventricle –> inter ventricular foramen –> 3rd ventricle –> cerebral aqueduct –> 4th ventricle –>

1. spinal cord via central canal –> filum terminale –> subarachnoid space –> blood
2. subarachnoid space via cisterns magna via median and lateral apertures –> subarachnoid peace –> arachnoid villi –> blood

Question 22

Lateral ventricle horns

Answer 22

Anterior = frontal lobe 
Inferior = temporal lobe
Posterior = occipital lobe

Question 23

Posterior neck triangle borders

Answer 23

Posterior border of SCM
Anterior border of trapezius
Middle 1/3 of the clavicle

Question 24

Posterior neck triangle contents

Answer 24

External jugular
Subclavian artery 
Spinal accessory nerve 
Cervical and brachial plexus 
Phrenic nerve
Lymph nodes

Question 25

EJV prominence

Answer 25

Heart failure SVC obstruction Enlarged lymph nodes Raised right sided/pulmonary pressure

Question 26

Anterior neck triangle borders

Answer 26

Midline of neck from chin to jugular notch Anterior border of SCM Lower border of mandible to mastoid process

Question 27

Submandibular triangle

Answer 27

Submandibular gland Hypoglossal nerve Facial artery and vein

Question 28

Muscular triangle

Answer 28

Sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid

Question 29

Submental triangle

Answer 29

Floor of the mouth | Mylohyoid

Question 30

Carotid triangle border

Answer 30

Posterior belly of digastric Superior belly of mylohyoid Anterior border of SCM

Question 31

Carotid triangle contents

Answer 31

``` Carotid artery and bifurcation Carotid body and sinus Internal jugular vein CN X, XI, XII Cervical sympathetic trunk Ansa cervicalis ```

Question 32

External carotid branches

Answer 32

``` Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior auricular Superficial temporal Maxillary ```

Question 33

Carotid sheath contents

Answer 33

``` Common carotid Internal carotid Internal jugular Vagus nerve Ansa cervicalis Lymph nodes Cervical sympathetic trunk ```

Question 34

Stylopharyngeus innervation

Answer 34

CN IX

Question 35

External pharyngeal nerve innervates..

Answer 35

Cricothyroid muscle

Question 36

Dorsal brainstem

Answer 36

Cranial nerve nuclei with motor more medial, sensory more lateral and mixed in the middle

Question 37

Middle brainstem

Answer 37

Ascending pathways and reticular formation

Question 38

Ventral brainstem

Answer 38

Descending pathways

Question 39

Locus coeruleus

Answer 39

= noradrenaline | Sympathetic nervous system control centre

Question 40

Rathe nuclei

Answer 40

= serotonin Arousal, cognition, memory --> depression

Question 41

Substantia niagra

Answer 41

= dopamine Control of movement initiation and switching --> Parkinson's disease

Question 42

Ventral tegmental area

Answer 42

= dopamine Organising behaviours --> schizophrenia and addiction

Question 43

Pedunculopontine nucleus

Answer 43

= acetylcholine

Question 44

Vestibulo-ocular reflex

Answer 44

``` Afferent = CN VIII Efferent = CN III, IV, VI ```

Question 45

Jaw jerk/masseter reflex

Answer 45

``` Afferent = CN V3 Efferent = CN V ```

Question 46

Blink reflex

Answer 46

``` Afferent = CN II, V1, VIII Efferent = CN VII ```

Question 47

Gag reflex

Answer 47

``` Afferent = CN IX Efferent = CN X ```

Question 48

CN V motor

Answer 48

Muscles of mastication Mylohyoid Anterior belly of digastric Tensor tympani

Question 49

CN VII motor

Answer 49

Muscles of facial expression Posterior belly of digastric Stylohyoid Stapedius