HC.6/7: Onderzoeksvormen

Question 1

Experimental study

Answer 1

Intervention study
Investigator assigns exposure

Question 2

Observational study

Answer 2

No intervention
Exposure assigned bij nature or participants
Types
- Cross-sectional
- Longitudianal (cohort or case-control

Question 3

Case reports or case series

Answer 3

Side effects
New causes
New diseases

Question 4

Cross-sectional study

Answer 4

Simultaneous measurement of determinant and outcome
- Prevalance
- Selection effects
- Reverse causality

Question 5

Examples cross-sectional study

Answer 5

Meta-analysus
Diagnostic research, including screening
Ecological study

Question 6

Follow-up (cohort) study

Answer 6

Exposure –> outcome
All measures of frequency and association can be obtained

Question 7

Time-aspect

Answer 7

Retrospective: data from the past udes
Prospective: new data used
Ambispective

Question 8

Closed cohort study

Answer 8

Static population
Number of persons can only decrease
Directly calculte CI and IR

Question 9

Open cohort study

Answer 9

Dynamic population
Date of entry and exit differs
Number of person varies
Only IR can be calculated

Question 10

Strengths and limitations cohort study

Answer 10

+ Rare exposures
+ Allows calculation of absolute and relative risks
+ Multiple outcomes
- Rare diseases
- Expensive
- Long-time investement
- Loss to follow-up

Question 11

Case-control study

Answer 11

Compare the exposure odds among the cases with the exposure odds among the controls. Controls can be obtained through a nested design embedded within a cohort study. Controls can also be obtained through different sources than the case

Question 12

Strengths and limitations case-control study

Answer 12

+ Rare diseases
+ Time-effecient
+ Feasible in setting of long induction period
- Rare determinants
- No absolute risks or rates
- More prone to bias