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A JW Env Health > HAZWOPER (includes some Env Health Textbook Ch 17) > Flashcards

HAZWOPER (includes some Env Health Textbook Ch 17) Flashcards

1
Q

Define pyrophoric

A

Pyrophoric materials will spontaneously ignite in air at or below 55ºC, without an ignition source.

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2
Q

Define CGI

A

Combustible gas indicator

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3
Q

NOAEL

A

No observed adverse effect level = The highest data point at which there is no observed toxic effect.

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4
Q

Define PEL-TWA

A

Permissible Exposure Limit - Time Weighted Average (exposure limits averaged over an 8-hour day and 40-hour workweek)

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5
Q

Define TRI

A

Toxics Release Inventory - a publicly available database created by EPA. Contains info about toxic spills

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6
Q

According to OSHA, what are the 2 types of chemical spills?

A

Incidental (small; can be cleaned up immediately) and Uncontrolled (2 types: static (contained) and dynamic (require a response))

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7
Q

Explain SOPs vs SOGs

A

SOP = Standard operating procedures (rigid).

SOG = Standard operating guidelines (more flexible, in order to ensure safety). A mixture of both is recommended.

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8
Q

Define FR

A

Federal Register - a daily newspaper issued by the federal government

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9
Q

Define “lab pack”

A

When many small containers (<5 gallons) of chemicals are placed into one larger container for shipment. The chemicals must be compatible (of the same class) in order to be lab packed together.

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10
Q

What is the name/number for OSHA’s HAZWOPER regulation?

A

29 CFR 1910.120

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11
Q

Describe the Site Safety and Health Plan

A

Must address hazard analysis, employee training, medical surveillance, PPE, frequency of air/environmental sampling, site control measures, decon procedures, Emergency Response Plan, confined space procedures, and spill containment.

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12
Q

Name an example of a blood asphyxiant

A

Carbon monoxide

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13
Q

Describe TD50

A

Toxic Dose 50% (Toxic for 50% of the population)

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14
Q

Describe MUC

A

MUC = Maximum use concentration. This is the highest concentration at which a respirator is useful. It is found by multiplying the APF by the PEL (Permissible exposure limit) or other limit.

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15
Q

Describe LC50

A

Lethal Concentration 50% (like LD50, but for gases)

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16
Q

Define RGDs

A

Radiation-generating devices

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17
Q

Explain the OSHA 300 Log.

A

Certain employers are required to prepare and maintain records of serious occupational injuries and illnesses using the OSHA 300 Log.

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18
Q

Describe fractioning

A

When a total dose is split into smaller doses spread over time, thus reducing negative effects

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19
Q

Name an example of a respiratory paralyzer

A

Hydrogen sulfide

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20
Q

Describe CERCLA

A

Pronounced “Circla”. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (1980). Commonly known as Superfund. This law created a tax on the chemical and petroleum industries, to help pay for hazardous waste cleanup.

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21
Q

Describe sensitizers

A

They cause allergic reactions after repeated exposures

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22
Q

Define PAPR

A

Powered air-purifying respirator. Pronounced “papper”. They use a fan to blow air through the filter.

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23
Q

Explain the Partition Coefficient

A

Reported as Kow. It is the solubility of a compound in octanol, divided by its solubility in water. Higher Kow value = more non-polar compound.

24
Q

Describe the Hot Zone and the Warm Zone

A

Hot Zone = where contamination is suspected.

Warm Zone = where decontamination takes place.

25
Q

Define xenobiotic

A

a foreign substance taken into the body

26
Q

Explain flash point vs auto-ignition temperature

A

Flash point = Lowest temp at which a liquid can vaporize and form an ignitable mixture in air.

Auto-ignition temp = No ignition source is required in order to ignite.

27
Q

Safety & Health Program vs Safety & Health Plan

A

Program = Overall, all-encompassing document that addresses all work activities conducted at all worksites.

Plan = Smaller, more specific guidelines for a specific site and timeframe.

28
Q

How does OSHA enforce its laws?

A

By worksite inspections.

29
Q

Define IDLH

A

Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health

30
Q

Describe APFs

A

APF = Assigned Protection Factor. This is a measure of the effectiveness of each class of respirator, as determined by OSHA. Example: An APF of 10 means that you will be exposed to 1/10th of the atmospheric concentration of a chemical.

31
Q

Describe RCRA

A

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976). Pronounced “Rick-ra”. Gave EPA the authority to regulate haz waste from cradle to grave. Also, management of non-haz waste (example = requires landfills to meet minimum standards, including liners to prevent leaching).

32
Q

Describe the hierarchy of controls

A

The hierarchy of controls describes the order of effectiveness offered by types of controls:

  1. Elimination.
  2. Substitution.
  3. Engineering controls (isolate the hazard from people).
  4. Admin controls.
  5. PPE
33
Q

LOAEL

A

Low observed adverse effect level = The lowest data point at which there is an observed toxic effect.

34
Q

Describe laws vs regulations

A

Laws provide the “what”, and regulations provide the “how”. Regulations are written by the agency that is charged with implementing/enforcing the law.

35
Q

Define ODA

A

Oxygen-deficient atmosphere

36
Q

Describe potentiation

A

It occurs when a chemical with no specific toxic effect makes another chemical more toxic (example = CCl4 is way more toxic when isopropanol is also present)

37
Q

Define PHMSA

A

US DOT Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

38
Q

Describe HCS.

A

HCS = Hazard Communication Standard. This is an OSHA program.

The HCS (aka HAZCOM) requires that MSDSs be made available to employees.

The HCS also requires all hazardous chemical labels to have pictograms to depict the hazards (9 different types, all white with red diamond border).

39
Q

Describe ED50

A

Effective Dose 50% (Effective for 50% of the population)

40
Q

Define TSDF.

A

Treatment, storage, and disposal facility.

41
Q

Describe ALARA

A

As Low As Reasonably Achievable. It means that you should limit your exposure to radiation, even at low doses.

42
Q

Define NPL

A

National Priorities List. It is used to guide the EPA in determining which haz sites warrant further investigation.

43
Q

Define SARA

A

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (1986). It amended and improved CERCLA. It also directed the Secretary of Labor to create standards for health and safety protection of haz employees.

44
Q

Define OEA

A

Oxygen-enriched atmosphere

45
Q

Describe SWDA

A

Solid Waste Disposal Act. 1965. It regulates municipal waste disposal technology, and allows the federal government to provide money to assist states with creating statewide waste management plans.

46
Q

What can be found in Title 49 of the CFR?

A

DOT Regulations concerning employees

47
Q

Define ESA

A

Environmental Site Assessment

48
Q

Name the 2 types of response actions authorized by CERCLA

A

Short-term removals, and long-term remedial responses (only at sites on the NPL)

49
Q

What can be found in Title 40 of the CFR?

A

EPA Regulations

50
Q

Define LEL

A

Lower explosive limit (the minimum concentration of a particular gas in air necessary for combustion)

51
Q

Name and describe the 2 types of asphyxiants

A
  1. Simple = displace breathable oxygen (example = CO2).
  2. Chemical = prevent cells from using oxygen, so they are dangerous in very small amounts (example = CO)
52
Q

Why is PPE the last line of defense?

A

It may fail with little or no warning

53
Q

Name an example of a tissue asphyxiant

A

Hydrogen cyanide

54
Q

Define COSH.

A

(National) Center for Occupational Safety and Health.

55
Q

Describe the threshold dose level

A

The point (minimum dose) at which toxicity first appears

A JW Env Health (11 decks)

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