HazMat Awareness Flashcards
WMD stands for _____, and it is created when a _____.
Weapons of Mass Destruction
hazardous material is used to cause deadly harm.
What are the impacts of hazard targets?
Provide instability to the government
Cause massive shutdowns
What are biological hazards?
Man-made or intentionally shared diseases
(ebola, AIDs, etc.)
What is the correct way to respond to known HazMat situations.
Slow down and to fully assess the situation.
What are the three HazMat zones?
Cold - Support Zone
Warm - Contamination Reduction Zone
Hot - Exclusionary Zone
The offensive objective is to _____ the chemical.
go into
The defensive objective is to _____ the chemical.
stay away from
AHJ stands for _____? Which officer is usually in charge?
Authority Having Jurisdiction
Fire Chief, but can transfer command if needed.
What are the five HazMat training levels?
Awareness (defensive)
Operations (defensive)
Technician (offensive)
Specialist (offensive/defensive)
Incident Command (defensive/offensive)
What are the responsibilities of an awareness level responder?
notify and identify
remain in cold zone
provide support
Operations level responders are primarily responsible for _____ and they operate in the _____ zone(s).
decontamination
warm and cold zone
Technician level responders work primarily in the _____ zone(s).
hot
Specialist level responders are _____, and they may work in _____ zone(s). Their primary goal is to _____.
offensive and defensive
all
assess specific chemicals
NFPA stands for _____. They are a _____ agency. Their function is to _____.
National Fire Protection Association
private
create highly respective consensus standards
NFPA 470
Defines WMDs and can provide information to guide actions at an incident involving WMDs
Hazardous materials _____.
pose unreasonable risk to human health, safety, or the environment.
_____ is an acronym that is used to describe WMDs. It stands for _____.
C: Chemical
B: Biological
R: Radioactive
N: Nuclear
The substance that remains when the material is no longer pure.
hazardous waste
Hazardous waste left over from a manufacturing process is especially dangerous because
it can contain a mixture of impure chemicals.
Mandates that are issued and enforced by governmental bodies are _____.
regulations
(OSHA, EPA)
Standards may be _____.
voluntary or mandatory
Mandatory standards _____.
carry the weight of the law
_____ makes and enforces regulations regarding responder safety.
OSHA
government agency
part of the department of labor
Decontamination is setup in the
cold zone
Cold zone becomes the warm zone when
stepped into from the hot zone
The ______ becomes the warm zone after decontamination gear starts getting removed.
extended hot zone
NFPA 470
sets standards for all other responders
recognizes presence of hazardous materials/WMD
NFPA 472
sets standards for fire responders
NFPA 473
sets standards for medical responders
HazWOpER
Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
Hazardous materials and _____ are referred to simultaneously in text.
WMDs
weapons of mass destruction
_____ is an acronym that is used to describe weapons of mass destruction.
CBRN
chemical
biological
radioactive
nuclear
The OSHA regulation containing hazardous materials response competencies is commonly referred to as
HAZWOPER
Awareness level personnel differ from other responders as they
can only function in support roles at a hazardous material incident.
A responder is in the _____ when simply trying to limit the effects of a hazardous material release.
Defensive Mode of Operations
____ is where you can get info on hazardous material within the community.
LEPC
Local Emergency Planning Committee
The response to an incident starts with _____.
initial training
On the state level, the public would be informed by the _____.
State Emergency Response Commission
When preplanning for a major hazardous materials incident, responders should aim to increase _____ so that the actual response will run more smoothly.
interoperability
Compared to structural firefighting, HazMat incident must be more _____.
deliberate
Milk can be considered a hazardous material if _____.
large quantities leak into a stream or creek.
One example of a target hazard might be _____.
local hospitals
At the scene of a dirty bomb explosion that released radioactive material, you must be mindful of _____.
preserving evidence
The number of chemical substances registered for use in commerce in the United States is currently around _____.
182 million
More than _____ of hazardous material is transported each year in the United States.
4 billion pounds
Emergency responses to situations involving hazardous materials should be developed using a response process based on _____.
risk
The extent of damage from a weapon of mass destruction depends, in part, on the _____.
concentration of chemicals inside
The _____ produces the largest databases on chemical information.
Chemical Abstracts Service
When arriving at the scene with spilled hazardous liquids, you should approach from a _____.
safe direction
When coming upon a hazardous materials scene from a distance, one of the first chemicals you may detect without equipment is _____.
ammonia
In situational awareness, seeing, in contrast to looking, _____.
must lead to a thoughtful conclusion
If you detect a strong smell of ammonia, but you need to move closer to complete the assessment you should obtain a _____.
SCBA
self-contained breathing apparatus
A barrel-like storage vessel is a _____.
drum container
A gasoline pipeline is an example of a _____.
container
If a liquid is leaking from a closed head drum, it is probably coming from the _____.
bung
Everyone must have access to the _____.
safety data sheets
A safety data sheet can be a key response tool, but it is not _____.
definitive
NFPA 704 is a _____ shape.
diamond
What colors are used to represent the NFPA 704 chemical properties and characteristics.
red
yellow
white
blue
The _____ scale is used to identify NFPA 704 hazard levels.
0 - 4
Military category identities for detonation and fire hazards
Division 1 - Octagon
Division 2 - X
Division 3 - Upside-down Triangle
Division 4 - Diamond
Military color identities for chemical hazards are
red
yellow
white
The four types of shipping papers are _____.
waybills
consist or train list
dangerous cargo manifest
air bills
The DOT marking system is used to identify hazardous materials that are _____.
transported
DOT Chemical Families
DOT Class 1 - Explosives
DOT Class 2 - Gases
DOT Class 3 - Flammable Liquids
DOT Class 4 - Flammable Solids
DOT Class 5 - Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides
DOT Class 6 - Toxic Substances and infectious Substances
DOT Class 7 - Radioactive Materials
DOT Class 8 - Corrosive Substances
DOT Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials, Products, Substances, or Organisms
*Poison
*Poisonous
*Toxic
The placard must be visible with _____.
binoculars
Certain extremely hazardous chemicals always require _____.
labels or placards
The ERG has a _____ year revision cycle.
4
ERG has four color coded sections, _____.
yellow
blue
orange
green
Chemical substances can enter the human body in four ways, _____.
inhalation
absorption
ingestion
injection
Lungs provide direct point of access to the bloodstream via _____.
inhalation
Gasoline falling on a worker’s skin may enter the body by _____.
absorption
How much damage is done to the body of a person who encounters a hazardous chemical depends, in part, on the person’s _____.
genetics
After exposure to harmful substances, _____ should occur prior to treatment.
decontamination
After exposure and decontamination, care should be provided in the _____ zone.
cold
States of matter include _____.
solid, liquid, and gas/vapor
Types of stress changes are _____.
thermal
chemical
mechanical
B.L.E.V.E.
boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion
The lowest temperature at which sustained combustion of the vapor will occur.
fire point
Relationship between temperature and vapor production or lowest temperature it can burn.
ignition temperature
Flammable Ranges
LEL - lower explosive limit
UEL - upper explosive limit
Flash Fire
The temperature at which a liquid will continually give off vapors in sustained amounts.
boiling point
The ability of a substance to dissolve in water.
water solubility
A measure of the presence of dissolved hydrogen ions.
PH
Acid PH levels are _____ 7.
less than
Base PH levels are _____ 7.
greater than
Neutral PH levels are _____ 7.
equal to
Transmission of energy from sources such as the sun, soil, airplanes, and x-rays.
radiation
Transfer of hazardous materials or components.
contamination
Stopping exposure and spread of hazardous materials and components.
containment
Transfer by direct contact to persons, objects, and environment.
secondary contamination
Chronic (long-term) Health Effects
adverse and gradual health effects
Acute (short-term) Health Effects
Observable health problems such as eye irritation, coughing, dizziness, and skin burns that can appear long after exposure.
Poisonous substances produced from metabolic processes.
toxins
Substances causing adverse health effects.
poison
A measure of the degree to which something is toxic or poisonous.
toxicity
_____ are most often transported on roadways.
hazardous materials
_____ carry 30,000 gallons of product.
tank cars
24-hour information call center operated by American Chemistry Council
Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC)
Provides services similar to CHEMTREC for Canadian responders
Canadian Transport Emergency Centre (CANUTEC)
A federal agency under the direction of the U.S. Coast Guard
National Response Center (NRC)
Crime Scene Steps
preserve evidence
consult law enforcement prior to overhaul
watch for potential terrorists among injured
Overt Indicators of Chemical Agents
(What PPE items would typically indicate the presence of chemical agents?)
chemical-type gloves
chemical suits
respirators
items that do not fit the setting
_____ are more toxic than organophosphates.
nerve agents
SLUDGEM
S: Salivation (drooling)
L: Lacrimation (tearing)
U: Urination
D: Defecation
G: Gastric upset (upset stomach, vomiting)
E: Emesis (vomiting)
M: Miosis (pinpoint pupils)
Five Types of Radiological Packaging
Excepted
Industrial
Type A
Type B
Type C
An explosive or incendiary device designed to harm responders or others.
secondary devices
Decontamination Setup
Step 1: Emergency Decontamination (operations level responder)
Step 2: Technical Decontamination (ambulatory)
Step 3: Medical Decontamination (non-ambulatory)
Carbon monoxide is harmful at _____ parts per million.
25
NRG Fact
Green highlight with letter P
chemical can polymerize or go boom
TIH
Toxic Inhalation Hazard
NRG Fact
UNID or Cast Number
4 digits
yellow pages
numerical order
NRG Fact
Blue Pages
alphabetical order
NRG Fact
Orange Pages
guide numbers
information about the chemicals
Technology/meters can return _____ when detecting gases.
false positives
Vapor density equals _____.
weight of air
Vapor density greater than 1 _____.
sinks
Vapor density less than 1 _____.
rises
Container failure is usually the result of _____.
human error
Mechanical failure equals _____.
damaged cylinder
Sometimes the best course of action is to let the chemical _____.
burn
Gas Characteristics
flammable
low ignition temperature
Diesel Characteristics
combustible
high ignition temperature
Close flammable range equals more _____ product.
unstable
Wide flammable range equals more _____ product.
stable
Headspace is also called _____ space.
vapor
Add a _____ to an _____to change the PH levels.
base
acid
Three Types of Radiation
Alpha - least harmful - can be shielded by clothing
Beta - made of lead
Gamma - most harmful
