HazMat Awareness Flashcards by Ashley McClelland

WMD stands for _____, and it is created when a _____.

Weapons of Mass Destruction

hazardous material is used to cause deadly harm.

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What are the impacts of hazard targets?

Provide instability to the government

Cause massive shutdowns

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What are biological hazards?

Man-made or intentionally shared diseases

(ebola, AIDs, etc.)

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What is the correct way to respond to known HazMat situations.

Slow down and to fully assess the situation.

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What are the three HazMat zones?

Cold - Support Zone

Warm - Contamination Reduction Zone

Hot - Exclusionary Zone

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The offensive objective is to _____ the chemical.

go into

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The defensive objective is to _____ the chemical.

stay away from

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AHJ stands for _____? Which officer is usually in charge?

Authority Having Jurisdiction

Fire Chief, but can transfer command if needed.

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What are the five HazMat training levels?

Awareness (defensive)

Operations (defensive)

Technician (offensive)

Specialist (offensive/defensive)

Incident Command (defensive/offensive)

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What are the responsibilities of an awareness level responder?

notify and identify

remain in cold zone

provide support

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Operations level responders are primarily responsible for _____ and they operate in the _____ zone(s).

decontamination

warm and cold zone

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Technician level responders work primarily in the _____ zone(s).

hot

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Specialist level responders are _____, and they may work in _____ zone(s). Their primary goal is to _____.

offensive and defensive

all

assess specific chemicals

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NFPA stands for _____. They are a _____ agency. Their function is to _____.

National Fire Protection Association

private

create highly respective consensus standards

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NFPA 470

Defines WMDs and can provide information to guide actions at an incident involving WMDs

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Hazardous materials _____.

pose unreasonable risk to human health, safety, or the environment.

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_____ is an acronym that is used to describe WMDs. It stands for _____.

C: Chemical

B: Biological

R: Radioactive

N: Nuclear

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The substance that remains when the material is no longer pure.

hazardous waste

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Hazardous waste left over from a manufacturing process is especially dangerous because

it can contain a mixture of impure chemicals.

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Mandates that are issued and enforced by governmental bodies are _____.

regulations

(OSHA, EPA)

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Standards may be _____.

voluntary or mandatory

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Mandatory standards _____.

carry the weight of the law

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_____ makes and enforces regulations regarding responder safety.

OSHA

government agency

part of the department of labor

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Decontamination is setup in the

cold zone

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Cold zone becomes the warm zone when

stepped into from the hot zone

The ______ becomes the warm zone after decontamination gear starts getting removed.

extended hot zone

NFPA 470

sets standards for all other responders recognizes presence of hazardous materials/WMD

NFPA 472

sets standards for fire responders

NFPA 473

sets standards for medical responders

HazWOpER

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response

Hazardous materials and _____ are referred to simultaneously in text.

WMDs weapons of mass destruction

_____ is an acronym that is used to describe weapons of mass destruction.

CBRN chemical biological radioactive nuclear

The OSHA regulation containing hazardous materials response competencies is commonly referred to as

HAZWOPER

Awareness level personnel differ from other responders as they

can only function in support roles at a hazardous material incident.

A responder is in the _____ when simply trying to limit the effects of a hazardous material release.

Defensive Mode of Operations

____ is where you can get info on hazardous material within the community.

LEPC Local Emergency Planning Committee

The response to an incident starts with _____.

initial training

On the state level, the public would be informed by the _____.

State Emergency Response Commission

When preplanning for a major hazardous materials incident, responders should aim to increase _____ so that the actual response will run more smoothly.

interoperability

Compared to structural firefighting, HazMat incident must be more _____.

deliberate

Milk can be considered a hazardous material if _____.

large quantities leak into a stream or creek.

One example of a target hazard might be _____.

local hospitals

At the scene of a dirty bomb explosion that released radioactive material, you must be mindful of _____.

preserving evidence

The number of chemical substances registered for use in commerce in the United States is currently around _____.

182 million

More than _____ of hazardous material is transported each year in the United States.

4 billion pounds

Emergency responses to situations involving hazardous materials should be developed using a response process based on _____.

risk

The extent of damage from a weapon of mass destruction depends, in part, on the _____.

concentration of chemicals inside

The _____ produces the largest databases on chemical information.

Chemical Abstracts Service

When arriving at the scene with spilled hazardous liquids, you should approach from a _____.

safe direction

When coming upon a hazardous materials scene from a distance, one of the first chemicals you may detect without equipment is _____.

ammonia

In situational awareness, seeing, in contrast to looking, _____.

must lead to a thoughtful conclusion

If you detect a strong smell of ammonia, but you need to move closer to complete the assessment you should obtain a _____.

SCBA self-contained breathing apparatus

A barrel-like storage vessel is a _____.

drum container

A gasoline pipeline is an example of a _____.

container

If a liquid is leaking from a closed head drum, it is probably coming from the _____.

bung

Everyone must have access to the _____.

safety data sheets

A safety data sheet can be a key response tool, but it is not _____.

definitive

NFPA 704 is a _____ shape.

diamond

What colors are used to represent the NFPA 704 chemical properties and characteristics.

red yellow white blue

The _____ scale is used to identify NFPA 704 hazard levels.

0 - 4

Military category identities for detonation and fire hazards

Division 1 - Octagon Division 2 - X Division 3 - Upside-down Triangle Division 4 - Diamond

Military color identities for chemical hazards are

red yellow white

The four types of shipping papers are _____.

waybills consist or train list dangerous cargo manifest air bills

The DOT marking system is used to identify hazardous materials that are _____.

transported

DOT Chemical Families

DOT Class 1 - Explosives DOT Class 2 - Gases DOT Class 3 - Flammable Liquids DOT Class 4 - Flammable Solids DOT Class 5 - Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides DOT Class 6 - Toxic Substances and infectious Substances DOT Class 7 - Radioactive Materials DOT Class 8 - Corrosive Substances DOT Class 9 - Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials, Products, Substances, or Organisms *Poison *Poisonous *Toxic

The placard must be visible with _____.

binoculars

Certain extremely hazardous chemicals always require _____.

labels or placards

The ERG has a _____ year revision cycle.

ERG has four color coded sections, _____.

yellow blue orange green

Chemical substances can enter the human body in four ways, _____.

inhalation absorption ingestion injection

Lungs provide direct point of access to the bloodstream via _____.

inhalation

Gasoline falling on a worker's skin may enter the body by _____.

absorption

How much damage is done to the body of a person who encounters a hazardous chemical depends, in part, on the person's _____.

genetics

After exposure to harmful substances, _____ should occur prior to treatment.

decontamination

After exposure and decontamination, care should be provided in the _____ zone.

cold

States of matter include _____.

solid, liquid, and gas/vapor

Types of stress changes are _____.

thermal chemical mechanical

B.L.E.V.E.

boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion

The lowest temperature at which sustained combustion of the vapor will occur.

fire point

Relationship between temperature and vapor production or lowest temperature it can burn.

ignition temperature

Flammable Ranges

LEL - lower explosive limit UEL - upper explosive limit Flash Fire

The temperature at which a liquid will continually give off vapors in sustained amounts.

boiling point

The ability of a substance to dissolve in water.

water solubility

A measure of the presence of dissolved hydrogen ions.

Acid PH levels are _____ 7.

less than

Base PH levels are _____ 7.

greater than

Neutral PH levels are _____ 7.

equal to

Transmission of energy from sources such as the sun, soil, airplanes, and x-rays.

radiation

Transfer of hazardous materials or components.

contamination

Stopping exposure and spread of hazardous materials and components.

containment

Transfer by direct contact to persons, objects, and environment.

secondary contamination

Chronic (long-term) Health Effects

adverse and gradual health effects

Acute (short-term) Health Effects

Observable health problems such as eye irritation, coughing, dizziness, and skin burns that can appear long after exposure.

Poisonous substances produced from metabolic processes.

toxins

Substances causing adverse health effects.

poison

A measure of the degree to which something is toxic or poisonous.

toxicity

_____ are most often transported on roadways.

hazardous materials

_____ carry 30,000 gallons of product.

tank cars

24-hour information call center operated by American Chemistry Council

Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC)

Provides services similar to CHEMTREC for Canadian responders

Canadian Transport Emergency Centre (CANUTEC)

A federal agency under the direction of the U.S. Coast Guard

National Response Center (NRC)

Crime Scene Steps

preserve evidence consult law enforcement prior to overhaul watch for potential terrorists among injured

Overt Indicators of Chemical Agents (What PPE items would typically indicate the presence of chemical agents?)

chemical-type gloves chemical suits respirators items that do not fit the setting

_____ are more toxic than organophosphates.

nerve agents

SLUDGEM

S: Salivation (drooling) L: Lacrimation (tearing) U: Urination D: Defecation G: Gastric upset (upset stomach, vomiting) E: Emesis (vomiting) M: Miosis (pinpoint pupils)

Five Types of Radiological Packaging

Excepted Industrial Type A Type B Type C

An explosive or incendiary device designed to harm responders or others.

secondary devices

Decontamination Setup

Step 1: Emergency Decontamination (operations level responder) Step 2: Technical Decontamination (ambulatory) Step 3: Medical Decontamination (non-ambulatory)

Carbon monoxide is harmful at _____ parts per million.

NRG Fact Green highlight with letter P

chemical can polymerize or go boom

TIH

Toxic Inhalation Hazard

NRG Fact UNID or Cast Number

4 digits yellow pages numerical order

NRG Fact Blue Pages

alphabetical order

NRG Fact Orange Pages

guide numbers information about the chemicals

Technology/meters can return _____ when detecting gases.

false positives

Vapor density equals _____.

weight of air

Vapor density greater than 1 _____.

sinks

Vapor density less than 1 _____.

rises

Container failure is usually the result of _____.

human error

Mechanical failure equals _____.

damaged cylinder

Sometimes the best course of action is to let the chemical _____.

burn

Gas Characteristics

flammable low ignition temperature

Diesel Characteristics

combustible high ignition temperature

Close flammable range equals more _____ product.

unstable

Wide flammable range equals more _____ product.

stable

Headspace is also called _____ space.

vapor

Add a _____ to an _____to change the PH levels.

base acid

Three Types of Radiation

Alpha - least harmful - can be shielded by clothing Beta - made of lead Gamma - most harmful