hazards random knowlege Flashcards
what are the 4 perceptions of risk
- Fatalism (acceptance)
- Adaptation
- Fear
- Domination
what is fatalism (perception)
(acceptance), Some communities would say the hazards are ‘God’s Will’. Losses are seen as inevitable, people remain where they are and any action is direct and concerned with safety but on the whole preventative measures are limited or non-existent.
what is adaptation (perception)
people see that they can prepare for, and therefore survive the events by prediction, prevention and/or protection, depending on the economic and technological circumstances of the area.
what is fear (perception)
the perception of the hazard is such that people feel so vulnerable to the event that they are no longer able to face living in the area and so move away to areas unaffected by the hazard.
what is domination (perception)
Hazards are extreme events. They are predictable, and their magnitude can be forecast. We can understand them better by scientific research. Control is possible through engineering or use of technology.
who first theorised plate tectonic theory and when
Alfred Wegener, 1912
Wegener’s evidence for continental drift
- the continents look to fit together
- similar rock types/sequences in different continents
- fossilised tropical plant in Antarctica
modern evidence for continental drift
- cold war, found earthquakes and seismicity below the surface of the earth
2.paleomagnatism - ocean drilling (core samples)
3 types of plate boundary
constructive
destructive
conservative
what is the difference between frequency and regularity
frequency is how large the gap is between events
regularity is weather or not the events form a pattern e.g. every 50,000 years
what are the 3 things in the fire triangle
fuel
heat
oxygen
what is needed for a tropical storm to form
-ocean water temp 27°C+
-low atmospheric pressure
-latitude at least 5° north or south of equator
-Converging winds
-Winds that do not vary greatly with height
-70m deep
