Coasts random Knowledge Flashcards
Definition of wave quarrying
when high energy, tall waves hit the cliff face they have the power to enlarge joints and remove large chunks of rock in one go through vibration
what is predicted sea level rise by the IPCC
0.3-1 metre
(3.6mm per year)
what is eustatic change
A change of sea level (rise or fall) relative to the land. The change is global in scale.
what is isostatic change
A change in the height of land (rise or fall) relative to the sea level. The change is at a more localised scale and tends to take longer than eustatic change.
what is hard engineering and what are some examples
-Management that impede natural coastal processes by using resistant materials.
-Sea walls, Groynes, Gabions, Revetments, Rock armour (rip-rap)
what is soft engineering and what are some examples
-Management that work with natural processes
-Beach nourishment, managed retreat, dune regeneration, land use management
what does SMP stand for
Shoreline Management Plans
what does ICZM stand for
Integrated Coastal Zone Management
How many constructive/destructive waves per minute
Destructive: 13-15
Constructive: 6-8
what is a spring tide
-sun and moon in line
-A tide in which the difference between high and low tide is the greatest
what is a neap tide
-sun and moon perpendicular to earth
-A tide in which the difference between high and low tide is the smallest
what are the 4 types of erosion
-hydraulic action (wave quarrying)
-abrasion
-attrition
-solution
what are the 4 types of transportation
-traction
-saltation
-suspension
-solution
what is a concordant coast
rocks run parallel to the coastline
what is a discordant coast
rocks run perpendicular to the coastline
