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IB Geography Case Studies > Hazards and Disasters - Risk Assessment and Response > Flashcards

Hazards and Disasters - Risk Assessment and Response Flashcards

1
Q

When did Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans?p

A

29th August 2005

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2
Q

How many people drowned as a result of the storm surge caused by Hurricane Katrina?

A

1200

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3
Q

How many people died as a result of Hurricane Katrina?

A

1836

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4
Q

How high did the storm surges caused by Hurricane Katrina reach?

A

6 metres

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5
Q

What category hurricane was Katrina?

A

Category 4

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6
Q

In how many places did Hurricane Katrina breach the levees?

A

53

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7
Q

How much of New Orleans did Hurricane Katrina submerge by more than 6 metres of water?

A

80%

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8
Q

Where did many take shelter during Hurricane Katrina?

A

The Louisiana Superdome

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9
Q

Where in New Orleans were the impacts Hurricane Katrina most prominent?

A

The Lower 9th Ward

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10
Q

What was Hurricane Katrina’s highest wind speed?

A

280 km/h

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11
Q

How many were made homeless by Hurricane Katrina?

A

1 million

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12
Q

What were some of the impacts of Hurricane Katrina?

A
  • 1.3 million acres of forest land were destroyed
  • The total loss for the economy was approximately $5 billion
  • 30 oil platforms were destroyed
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13
Q

What were some of the responses to Hurricane Katrina?

A
  • $50 billion was given in aid
  • The National Guard was mobilised to restore and maintain order, and aid rescue attempts
  • The UK government sent food and aid
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14
Q

When did Cyclone Nargis occur?

A

May 2008

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15
Q

What was the size of the storm surge caused by Cyclone Nargis?

A

6.3 metres

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16
Q

How many died as result of Cyclone Nargis?

A

80,000 (estimated up to 200,000)

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17
Q

What speed did the winds of Cyclone Nargis reach?

A

200 km/h

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18
Q

What category storm was Cyclone Nargis?

A

Category 4

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19
Q

What was the cost of the damage caused by Cyclone Nargis?

A

$13 billion

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20
Q

Why was the international response to Cyclone Nargis hampered?

A

The military junta of Myanmar refused access to aid workers and prevented the distribution of aid

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21
Q

What were some of the impacts of Cyclone Nargis?

A
  • 75% of buildings collapsed; on the delta 95% collapsed
  • Rice fields were flooded on the Irrawaddy Delta
  • There was a lack of food, water for survivors
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22
Q

What were some of the responses to Cyclone Nargis?

A
  • Italian flights were allowed to enter on 7th May to bring food supplies
  • Bangladesh – emergency aid and aid workers used to dealing with cyclones
  • The United Kingdom gave £17 million of aid
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23
Q

When did the 2010 Haiti earthquake occur?

A

12th January 2010

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24
Q

Where was the epicentre of the 2010 Haiti earthquake

A

25km west of Port-au-Prince

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25
At what time did the 2010 Haiti earthquake occur?
16:53
26
What did the 2010 Haiti earthquake measure on the Richter scale?
7.0
27
How many people died as a result of the 2010 Haiti earthquake?
316,000 (more reliable estimates state 160,000)
28
What kind of plate boundary is Haiti on?
Conservative
29
What depth did the 2010 Haiti earthquake occur at?
13km (shallow)
30
What were some of the primary impacts of the 2010 Haiti earthquake?
- 106,000 homes were destroyed - 4,000 inmates escaped from prison - 50+ hospitals were destroyed or damaged
31
What were some of the secondary impacts of the 2010 Haiti earthquake?
- 1.5 million were displaced - Haiti's GNI shrank by 5.1% - Cholera became a serious problem
32
What were some of the responses to the 2010 Haiti earthquake?
- Over 1 million tents/shelters were provided - 4.3 million people were provided with food rations - Water and sanitation was eventually supplied for 1.7 million people - 98% of the rubble on roads was not cleared until many weeks after the event
33
What kind of plate boundary does New Zealand sit on?
Conservative
34
What did the 2011 Christchurch earthquake measure on the Richter scale?
6.3
35
What date did the 2011 Christchurch earthquake occur on?
22nd February 2011
36
How long did the 2011 Christchurch earthquake last?
10 seconds
37
How many people died as a result of the 2011 Christchurch earthquake?
185
38
At what time did the 2011 Christchurch earthquake occur?
12:51
39
What is the name of the area that New Zealand sits on where volcanoes and earthquakes are common?
The Pacific Ring of Fire
40
What were some of the primary impacts of the 2011 Christchurch earthquake?
- More than 50% of buildings in the city were severely damaged - 80% if the city lost electricity - Roads were damaged due to liquefaction
41
What were some of the secondary impacts of the 2011 Christchurch earthquake?
- Damaged roads led to lack of emergency services due to restricted access - Damaged infrastructure prevented the Rugby World Cup from being held in Christchurch
42
What were some of the responses to the 2011 Christchurch earthquake?
- 300 Australian police officers were flown in to aid existing efforts - Chemical toilets were provided for 30,000 residents - $7 million was provided in international aid - $898 million was paid in building claims
43
On what date did the Bhopal disaster occur?
2nd December 1984
44
What was the name of the company that owned the plant involved in the Bhopal disaster?
Union Carbide
45
How much methyl isocyanate was leaked during the Bhopal disaster?
36 tons
46
How many people died immediately as a result of the Bhopal disaster?
At least 3,700
47
How many people lived in Bhopal at the time of Bhopal disaster?
900,000
48
What were some of the issues that methyl isocyanate caused during the Bhopal disaster?
- Swollen eyes - Breathing problems - Frothing at the mouth
49
How many people have died as a result of the Bhopal disaster?
40,000
50
What happened to Union Carbide after the Bhopal disaster?
They denied responsibility
51
How many cattle died as a result of the Bhopal disaster?
2,000
52
How much higher than the standard level was the concentration of mercury in the soil after the Bhopal disaster?
20,000 to 600,000 times higher
53
How much compensation was paid out after the Bhopal disaster?
$470 million ($500 per dead person)
54
Which company took over Union Carbide in 2001?
DOW Chemicals
55
Why has legal action not been taken against Union Carbide as a consequence of the Bhopal disaster?
DOW Chemicals refuses Union Carbide's liabilities in Bhopal
56
Which counties were affected by the 2011 East Africa drought?
Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Uganda
57
How many people died as a result of the 2011 East Africa drought?
50,000–260,000
58
How many people did the 2011 East Africa drought affect?
9.5 million
59
What period did the 2011 East Africa drought span?
July 2011–August 2012
60
How much was given in aid during the 2011 East Africa drought?
$1.3 billion
61
How much precipitation fell in the rainy season (April-June) of 2011?
Less the 30% of the average
62
What was the extent of crop failure and livestock loss as a result of the 2011 East Africa drought?
Up to 40%-60%
63
What key resource did the 2011 East Africa drought prevent from being produced?
Milk
64
What factors influenced the 2011 East Africa drought?
- Strong La Niña year - Global warming - Lack of governmental planning and relief - Terrorist groups, such as Al-Shabaab
65
How many refugees fled Somalia during the 2011 East Africa drought?
920,000
66
What was the name of the UNHCR refugee camp in Kenya which hosted at least 440,000 people during the 2011 East Africa drought?
Dadaab
67
Which disease broke out in the Dadaab camp in July 2011?
Measles
68
How much did the UK pledge in aid during the 2011 East Africa drought?
£90 million

IB Geography Case Studies (3 decks)

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