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IB Geography Case Studies > Hazards and Disasters - Risk Assessment and Response > Flashcards

Hazards and Disasters - Risk Assessment and Response Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans?p

A

29th August 2005

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2
Q

How many people drowned as a result of the storm surge caused by Hurricane Katrina?

A

1200

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3
Q

How many people died as a result of Hurricane Katrina?

A

1836

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4
Q

How high did the storm surges caused by Hurricane Katrina reach?

A

6 metres

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5
Q

What category hurricane was Katrina?

A

Category 4

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6
Q

In how many places did Hurricane Katrina breach the levees?

A

53

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7
Q

How much of New Orleans did Hurricane Katrina submerge by more than 6 metres of water?

A

80%

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8
Q

Where did many take shelter during Hurricane Katrina?

A

The Louisiana Superdome

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9
Q

Where in New Orleans were the impacts Hurricane Katrina most prominent?

A

The Lower 9th Ward

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10
Q

What was Hurricane Katrina’s highest wind speed?

A

280 km/h

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11
Q

How many were made homeless by Hurricane Katrina?

A

1 million

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12
Q

What were some of the impacts of Hurricane Katrina?

A
  • 1.3 million acres of forest land were destroyed
  • The total loss for the economy was approximately $5 billion
  • 30 oil platforms were destroyed
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13
Q

What were some of the responses to Hurricane Katrina?

A
  • $50 billion was given in aid
  • The National Guard was mobilised to restore and maintain order, and aid rescue attempts
  • The UK government sent food and aid
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14
Q

When did Cyclone Nargis occur?

A

May 2008

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15
Q

What was the size of the storm surge caused by Cyclone Nargis?

A

6.3 metres

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16
Q

How many died as result of Cyclone Nargis?

A

80,000 (estimated up to 200,000)

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17
Q

What speed did the winds of Cyclone Nargis reach?

A

200 km/h

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18
Q

What category storm was Cyclone Nargis?

A

Category 4

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19
Q

What was the cost of the damage caused by Cyclone Nargis?

A

$13 billion

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20
Q

Why was the international response to Cyclone Nargis hampered?

A

The military junta of Myanmar refused access to aid workers and prevented the distribution of aid

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21
Q

What were some of the impacts of Cyclone Nargis?

A
  • 75% of buildings collapsed; on the delta 95% collapsed
  • Rice fields were flooded on the Irrawaddy Delta
  • There was a lack of food, water for survivors
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22
Q

What were some of the responses to Cyclone Nargis?

A
  • Italian flights were allowed to enter on 7th May to bring food supplies
  • Bangladesh – emergency aid and aid workers used to dealing with cyclones
  • The United Kingdom gave £17 million of aid
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23
Q

When did the 2010 Haiti earthquake occur?

A

12th January 2010

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24
Q

Where was the epicentre of the 2010 Haiti earthquake

A

25km west of Port-au-Prince

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25
Q

At what time did the 2010 Haiti earthquake occur?

A

16:53

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26
Q

What did the 2010 Haiti earthquake measure on the Richter scale?

A

7.0

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27
Q

How many people died as a result of the 2010 Haiti earthquake?

A

316,000 (more reliable estimates state 160,000)

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28
Q

What kind of plate boundary is Haiti on?

A

Conservative

29
Q

What depth did the 2010 Haiti earthquake occur at?

A

13km (shallow)

30
Q

What were some of the primary impacts of the 2010 Haiti earthquake?

A
  • 106,000 homes were destroyed
  • 4,000 inmates escaped from prison
  • 50+ hospitals were destroyed or damaged
31
Q

What were some of the secondary impacts of the 2010 Haiti earthquake?

A
  • 1.5 million were displaced
  • Haiti’s GNI shrank by 5.1%
  • Cholera became a serious problem
32
Q

What were some of the responses to the 2010 Haiti earthquake?

A
  • Over 1 million tents/shelters were provided
  • 4.3 million people were provided with food rations
  • Water and sanitation was eventually supplied for 1.7 million people
  • 98% of the rubble on roads was not cleared until many weeks after the event
33
Q

What kind of plate boundary does New Zealand sit on?

A

Conservative

34
Q

What did the 2011 Christchurch earthquake measure on the Richter scale?

A

6.3

35
Q

What date did the 2011 Christchurch earthquake occur on?

A

22nd February 2011

36
Q

How long did the 2011 Christchurch earthquake last?

A

10 seconds

37
Q

How many people died as a result of the 2011 Christchurch earthquake?

A

185

38
Q

At what time did the 2011 Christchurch earthquake occur?

A

12:51

39
Q

What is the name of the area that New Zealand sits on where volcanoes and earthquakes are common?

A

The Pacific Ring of Fire

40
Q

What were some of the primary impacts of the 2011 Christchurch earthquake?

A
  • More than 50% of buildings in the city were severely damaged
  • 80% if the city lost electricity
  • Roads were damaged due to liquefaction
41
Q

What were some of the secondary impacts of the 2011 Christchurch earthquake?

A
  • Damaged roads led to lack of emergency services due to restricted access
  • Damaged infrastructure prevented the Rugby World Cup from being held in Christchurch
42
Q

What were some of the responses to the 2011 Christchurch earthquake?

A
  • 300 Australian police officers were flown in to aid existing efforts
  • Chemical toilets were provided for 30,000 residents
  • $7 million was provided in international aid
  • $898 million was paid in building claims
43
Q

On what date did the Bhopal disaster occur?

A

2nd December 1984

44
Q

What was the name of the company that owned the plant involved in the Bhopal disaster?

A

Union Carbide

45
Q

How much methyl isocyanate was leaked during the Bhopal disaster?

A

36 tons

46
Q

How many people died immediately as a result of the Bhopal disaster?

A

At least 3,700

47
Q

How many people lived in Bhopal at the time of Bhopal disaster?

A

900,000

48
Q

What were some of the issues that methyl isocyanate caused during the Bhopal disaster?

A
  • Swollen eyes
  • Breathing problems
  • Frothing at the mouth
49
Q

How many people have died as a result of the Bhopal disaster?

A

40,000

50
Q

What happened to Union Carbide after the Bhopal disaster?

A

They denied responsibility

51
Q

How many cattle died as a result of the Bhopal disaster?

A

2,000

52
Q

How much higher than the standard level was the concentration of mercury in the soil after the Bhopal disaster?

A

20,000 to 600,000 times higher

53
Q

How much compensation was paid out after the Bhopal disaster?

A

$470 million ($500 per dead person)

54
Q

Which company took over Union Carbide in 2001?

A

DOW Chemicals

55
Q

Why has legal action not been taken against Union Carbide as a consequence of the Bhopal disaster?

A

DOW Chemicals refuses Union Carbide’s liabilities in Bhopal

56
Q

Which counties were affected by the 2011 East Africa drought?

A

Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Uganda

57
Q

How many people died as a result of the 2011 East Africa drought?

A

50,000–260,000

58
Q

How many people did the 2011 East Africa drought affect?

A

9.5 million

59
Q

What period did the 2011 East Africa drought span?

A

July 2011–August 2012

60
Q

How much was given in aid during the 2011 East Africa drought?

A

$1.3 billion

61
Q

How much precipitation fell in the rainy season (April-June) of 2011?

A

Less the 30% of the average

62
Q

What was the extent of crop failure and livestock loss as a result of the 2011 East Africa drought?

A

Up to 40%-60%

63
Q

What key resource did the 2011 East Africa drought prevent from being produced?

A

Milk

64
Q

What factors influenced the 2011 East Africa drought?

A
  • Strong La Niña year
  • Global warming
  • Lack of governmental planning and relief
  • Terrorist groups, such as Al-Shabaab
65
Q

How many refugees fled Somalia during the 2011 East Africa drought?

A

920,000

66
Q

What was the name of the UNHCR refugee camp in Kenya which hosted at least 440,000 people during the 2011 East Africa drought?

A

Dadaab

67
Q

Which disease broke out in the Dadaab camp in July 2011?

A

Measles

68
Q

How much did the UK pledge in aid during the 2011 East Africa drought?

A

£90 million

IB Geography Case Studies (3 decks)

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