Hazards Flashcards
What does Geophysical mean?
The earth
What does Atmospheric mean?
The sky
What does Hydrological mean?
The Water Cycle
Examples of Hazards?
Volcano, Hurricane, Avalanche, Earthquake, Cyclone, Flood, Tsunami, Landslide, Cliff Erosion.
What is a Natural Hazard?
Naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset events, such as Geophysical (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis), Hydrological ( avalanches, floods), Climatological (extreme temperatures), Meteorological (cyclones, storms) and Biological (disease epidemics, insect/animal plagues)
What is a Technological Hazard?
Events caused by humans and occur in or close to human settlement (environment, degradation, pollution and accidents). Technological or MAn-made hazards (complex, emergencies/conflicts, famine, displaced populations, industrial accidents, transport accidents).
What are some characteristics of Natural Hazards
- Each have clear origins and distinctive effects.
- Little warning or no warning at all in advance.
- Exposure to the risk may be involuntary - LICs can’t always move so they are under threat.
- Most damage and loss of life occur shortly after the hazard, but impacts may last into the future.
- The scale and impact requires an emergency response.
How does perception influence people’s idea of risk?
- Influences their behaviour and actions
- Less likely to act on guidance - not to react to it.
Why is it important we understand people’s perception on risk?
- Because people who live in hazardous areas are often believing inaccurate beliefs/thinkings.
- Often unaware of available adjustments.
- Figure out the best way to help people.
How does perception influence adaptations actions?
- Adaptation actions are usually motivated to personal vulnerability to the hazard.
- Knowledge of it can affect a community.
Why do people sometimes not follow guidance that is given to them by experts?
- People who are living in areas of frequent hazards/disasters would use their past experiences.
Perception can be influenced by multiple things such as…?
- Socioeconomic status
- Level of education
- Occupation status
- Religion
- Ethnicity + cultural background
- Family Values
- Married/single
- Past experiences
- Personality
Why do people put themselves at risk of a natural hazard?
- Hazard events are unpredictable
- Lack of alternatives
- Changing the level of risk
- Cost/benefits
- Perception
What are the 3 types of plate margins?
Constructive plate boundaries
Destructive plate boundaries
Conservatives plate boundaries
What are some primary effects of seismic events?
- Ground shaking - Magnitude dependant, depth and its distance from epicentre.
- Ground rupture - Displacement of the earth’s surface along the fault lines.
What are some secondary effects with seismic events?
- Soil liquefaction
- Landslides/Avalanches
- Tsunamis
- Fires
- Effects on people an the environment.
What is a benioff zone?
Where earthquakes tend to occur as the oceanic crust is being subducted underneath the continental crust at a destructive plate boundary.
What are the two types of seismic waves?
Body waves (Travel through the earth can be divided into primary waves or secondary waves) Surface waves (Travel along the Earth's surface. Surface waves can be divided into Love and Rayleigh Love waves shake the ground at a right direction towards the of the movement and Rayleigh waves move in a rolling movement.
What are of the world experiences the most amount of tropical storms?
33% in Eastern Asia
In the past 200 years how many deaths have tropical storms caused?
1.9 million
What are some specific conditions are required for a tropical storm to form?
- Warm oceans of 27 degrees celsius of at least 70 metres.
- The importance of these latitudes of the coriolis force to accelerate the spinning of the original depression and the creation of the circular pattern of winds, and unstable air with high humidity.
- The tropical storm is driven by latent heat, while the presence of moisture allows low frictional drag to with the surface of the ocean.
- Where the storm moves into cooler latitudes and passes over land the storm begins to decay.
